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Understanding CAN/CSA C22.2 No. 61980-1-16: Technical Requirements for Electric Vehicle Wireless Power Transfer Systems
A comprehensive guide to the Canadian standard for EV wireless charging safety and performance
Wireless power transfer (WPT) for electric vehicles (EVs) is a rapidly evolving technology that eliminates physical connections while charging. In Canada, the safety and performance of such systems are governed by CAN/CSA C22.2 No. 61980-1-16, an adoption of IEC 61980-1 with national modifications. This article provides an in-depth look at the scope, technical requirements, implementation considerations, and compliance pathways defined by this standard.
Scope and Application
CAN/CSA C22.2 No. 61980-1-16 applies to wireless power transfer systems intended for conductive charging of road electric vehicles. The standard covers all components from the mains supply to the vehicle interface, including ground-side (primary) and vehicle-side (secondary) devices. It addresses both stationary and dynamic charging applications, with a primary focus on:
- Safety against electric shock, fire, and mechanical hazards
- Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and human exposure limits
- Performance under normal and abnormal conditions
- Installation requirements in accordance with the Canadian Electrical Code (CE Code, CSA C22.1)
| Parameter | Scope Detail |
|---|---|
| Frequency Range | 10 kHz to 150 kHz (typical operating band) |
| Power Classes | WPT 1–5 (up to 250 kW as per IEC 61980 series) |
| Air Gap | Typically 100–300 mm for passenger vehicles |
| Protection Against Electric Shock | Class I or II equipment; supplementary bonding required |
Tip: Although the standard is titled Part 1, future parts (e.g., Part 2 for specific applications) may extend these requirements. Always reference the latest edition.
Technical Requirements
Electrical and Safety Requirements
The standard mandates comprehensive protection measures against electric shock and fire. All accessible conductive parts must be bonded to ground in accordance with Section 10 of the CE Code. Ground-fault detection and interruption (GFDI) devices are required on the supply side. Insulation coordination must satisfy pollution degree 3 and overvoltage category III.
Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) and Human Exposure
Limits for electric and magnetic fields follow both CSA C22.2 No. 61980-1-16 and Health Canada’s Safety Code 6. At any point 100 mm from the outermost surface of the WPT system, the magnetic flux density shall not exceed 27 μT (rms) for general public exposure. The system must also demonstrate immunity to external electromagnetic disturbances without malfunction.
Thermal Management
Temperature limits are defined for coils, power electronics, and accessible surfaces. Under normal operation, coil windings must not exceed 105°C for class A insulation (or higher per material class). Over-temperature protection shall automatically reduce power or shut down if threshold is surpassed.
Communication and Control
The WPT system must include a communication channel between vehicle and ground assembly to ensure proper alignment, power level negotiation, and fault detection. The protocol is not mandated, but it must be robust against interference and comply with the standard’s functional safety requirements.
| Requirement | Limit / Specification |
|---|---|
| Ground Leakage (steady-state) | ≤ 3.5 mA for stationary equipment |
| Touch Current (under normal conditions) | ≤ 0.5 mA for hand-held parts |
| EMF (100 mm distance) | ≤ 27 μT (general public) |
| Coil Temperature (class A) | ≤ 105°C continuous |
| Foreign Object Detection | Must detect coin, foil, etc. > 50 mm² |
Caution: Improper shielding or bonding can result in EMF levels exceeding allowable limits. Always perform site-specific field measurements during commissioning.
Implementation Highlights
Implementing a WPT system to meet CAN/CSA C22.2 No. 61980-1-16 involves careful integration of power electronics, coil design, and control systems. The standard does not prescribe the coupling topology (e.g., circular, DD, or bipolar coils) but does set orformance criteria. Key design considerations include:
- Alignment Tolerance: The system must maintain efficiency ≥ 85% at rated power within ±20% of optimal lateral offset.
- Foreign Object Detection: A mandatory subsystem that detects metallic objects in the air gap and stops power transfer within 100 ms.
- Installation: Ground assemblies must be protected from mechanical impact and moisture; supply circuits require a dedicated branch circuit with overcurrent protection per CE Code.
Success: Early adoption of this standard ensures that WPT systems are not only safe but also interoperable with future infrastructure, providing a clear compliance path for manufacturers.
Compliance and Certification Notes
Manufacturers and installers seeking compliance must engage an accredited certification body (e.g., CSA Group, UL, TÜV) to evaluate the equipment against the requirements of CAN/CSA C22.2 No. 61980-1-16. Key steps include:
- Type Testing: Complete electrical, thermal, EMF, and communication tests are performed in a laboratory accredited to ISO/IEC 17025.
- Field Installation Review: The installed system is inspected to verify bonding, labeling, and conformity with the CE Code.
- Mandatory Labeling: Each WPT unit must bear a permanent mark showing the certification mark, model, ratings, and applicable standards.
Any deviation from the design submitted for certification—such as changes to coil geometry or power electronics—may require additional testing. The standard also references IEC 61980-3 for magnetic field wireless power transfer applications, so manufacturers should be aware of aligned requirements.
Warning: Noncompliant WPT systems can create serious hazards: electric shock, fire, or interference with medical devices. Third-party certification is mandatory for sale and installation in Canada.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Is CAN/CSA C22.2 No. 61980-1-16 mandatory in Canada?
A: Yes. All wireless power transfer systems for EVs must comply with this standard when installed in Canada, as it is referenced by provincial electrical regulations.
A: Yes. All wireless power transfer systems for EVs must comply with this standard when installed in Canada, as it is referenced by provincial electrical regulations.
Q: Does the standard cover aftermarket or retrofit WPT kits?
A: Yes, retrofitted systems must comply with the same requirements, including communication and foreign object detection, unless a vehicle manufacturer’s integration exemption applies.
A: Yes, retrofitted systems must comply with the same requirements, including communication and foreign object detection, unless a vehicle manufacturer’s integration exemption applies.
Q: How does this standard relate to IEC 61980-1?
A: CAN/CSA C22.2 No. 61980-1-16 is a national adoption of IEC 61980-1:2015 with additional Canadian modifications to align with the CE Code and Health Canada limits.
A: CAN/CSA C22.2 No. 61980-1-16 is a national adoption of IEC 61980-1:2015 with additional Canadian modifications to align with the CE Code and Health Canada limits.
This article is for informational purposes only. For detailed compliance, consult the official standard document and a qualified certification body. Last updated: 2026.