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IEC 60384-14: Fixed Capacitors for Electronic Equipment — Safety Capacitor X/Y Classification
X and Y Capacitors at Power Input — Different Positions, Radically Different Failure Consequences
IEC 60384-14:2016 specifies EMC suppression capacitor safety. X capacitors across L-N (may fail short→fuse blows→safe). Y capacitors across L/N-PE (must fail open — a short would make the chassis live).
TNLab — Y capacitor failure mode must be open-circuit — this directly concerns user personal safety.
