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D6251 – Standard Test Method Technical Guide
ASTM D6251/D6251M −23 defines the specification for wood-cleated panelboard shipping boxes used in the domestic and overseas transport of general materials and supplies. The standard outlines the fabrication, closure, and performance requirements for boxes with a gross weight not exceeding 1000 lb [454 kg], contingent upon the specific box type selected (as detailed in Section 10.1 of the standard).
⚠️ Critical Compliance Note: The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. Each system must be used independently of the other. See IEEE/ASTM SI 10 for conversion of units.
📦 Box Classification and Fabrication
Wood-cleated panelboard shipping box performance is heavily dependent on its fabricated components and subsequent assembly. To reflect varied performance requirements, the standard specifies a comprehensive system of types, classes, styles, and treatments. The specification covers the fabrication and closure of both empty and full boxes. If alternative construction methods or techniques are employed, the resulting packaging systems shall be of equal or better performance than those using the specified materials and procedures. The appropriate distribution cycle, specified in Practice D4169, can be used to develop comparative procedures and criteria.
| 🟦 Component | 📏 Governing Standard | 🎯 Key Requirement |
|---|---|---|
| Panelboard | D4727/D4727M, PRP-108, PS 1-19 | Container-grade fiberboard or structural-use plywood |
| Wood Cleats | D6199, D1990 | Quality of visually-graded dimension lumber members |
| Fasteners | F1667, FF-F-133 | Driven fasteners (nails, staples) and corrugated wood joints |
| Strapping | D3953 | Flat steel strapping for box closure and reinforcement |
| Marking/Treatment | D6253 | Treatment and marking protocols for international shipments (ISPM 15) |
🛠️ Materials, Assembly, and Performance Guidelines
The specification requires that all materials—from panelboard components to wood members and fasteners—conform to the stringent criteria of their respective ASTM standards. Panelboard must meet the container-grade requirements of Specification D4727/D4727M or the structural standards of APA PRP-108. Wood joint fasteners are governed by Federal Specification FF-F-133, while Specification F1667 covers general driven fasteners such as nails and staples.
While D6251 focuses specifically on fabrication and closure, it does not cover box performance under all atmospheric, handling, shipping, and storage conditions. For comprehensive performance validation against a defined distribution cycle, users are directed to Practice D4169. This is critical for ensuring the packaging system can withstand the rigors of its intended logistics environment.
| 📐 Specification Element | ⚡ Detail / Requirement |
|---|---|
| Gross Weight Limit | 1000 lb [454 kg] maximum, depending on box type |
| Unit System | Inch-Pound or SI (must not be combined) |
| Hazardous Materials | Subject to 49 CFR Parts 107-180 regulations |
| Commercial Packaging | Refer to Practice D3951 for general packaging requirements |
💡 Best Practice for Designers: When selecting wood members, Specification D6199 outlines the specific quality levels required for different box types. Ensure panelboard thickness and wood cleat dimensions are matched to the intended load capacity and the appropriate distribution cycle outlined in Practice D4169 to maximize structural integrity.
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
🔍 What is the primary scope of ASTM D6251/D6251M?
The standard specifically covers the fabrication and closure of empty and full wood-cleated panelboard boxes intended for domestic and overseas shipment of general materials and supplies, not exceeding a maximum gross weight of 1000 lb [454 kg].
💡 Can alternative materials or construction methods be used?
Yes. Section 1.3 permits the use of other construction methods or techniques, provided the resulting packaging systems are of equal or better performance. Practice D4169 is recommended to develop comparative procedures and criteria for validation.
⚡ Does D6251 include its own performance testing protocols?
No. D6251 focuses on specifications for materials, fabrication, and closure. For performance testing, it directs users to Practice D4169, which defines specific distribution cycles and test schedules for shipping containers and systems.
📌 What regulations apply for international and hazardous material shipments?
For international shipments, Practice D6253 covers the treatment and marking of wood packaging materials. For hazardous materials, the standard references Title 49 CFR Parts 107-180 of the Code of Federal Regulations.