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D6039 – Standard Test Method Technical Guide
📐 Scope and Classification of Wood Crates
ASTM D6039/D6039M-18 establishes specifications for open and covered wood crates designed for net loads not exceeding 4000 lb [1814 kg]. The standard covers five types (I through V) and two styles (A and B) of open crates, as well as one type and one style of covered crate. Open crates are suitable for items not readily damaged by outside forces, while covered crates or shrouds are recommended when environmental protection is necessary.
A crate’s style defines its duty cycle. Style A is heavy-duty, using heavier components to withstand severe handling. Style B is light-duty, for light to moderate handling hazards. Type II crates are uniquely designed for self-supporting items like ladders, tubing, extrusions, and wallboard. Type III, Style B crates are intended for structural members where the container serves only for stacking and handling.
| 🟦 Crate Category | 🟦 Type | 📏 Style / Duty | 🎯 Max Net Load | ⚡ Key Application |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Open | I, IV, V | A (Heavy-Duty) | 4000 lb [1814 kg] | General purpose; severe handling and multiple shipments. |
| Open | I, IV, V | B (Light-Duty) | 4000 lb [1814 kg] | General purpose; light to moderate handling hazards. |
| Open | II | N/A | 4000 lb [1814 kg] | Self-supported items (ladders, tubing, wallboard). |
| Open | III | B (Light-Duty) | 4000 lb [1814 kg] | Structural members; convenience for stacking & handling. |
| Covered | — | — | 4000 lb [1814 kg] | Items requiring environmental protection. |
📏 Material Specifications and Performance Criteria
Materials used for crate construction must comply with referenced ASTM standards. Wood members must meet quality requirements in Practice D6199 and allowable property standards in Practice D1990. Fasteners are governed by Specification F1667 (nails, spikes, staples). Strapping must adhere to Specification D3953 (steel) or Guide D4675 (flat strapping). For international shipments, wood packaging must be treated per Practice D6253.
✅ Alternative Construction: Section 5.1.13 permits alternative construction methods. Any resulting packaging system must demonstrate performance equal to or better than specified materials. Practice D4169 is recommended for developing comparative testing criteria.
⚠️ Unit Independence: Values stated in SI units and inch-pound units must be used separately. They are not exact equivalents, and combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
🔍 What is the maximum net load for crates under D6039/D6039M?
The standard covers crates designed for net loads not exceeding 4000 lb [1814 kg]. This limit applies to all specified types and styles of open and covered crates.
💡 What is the difference between Style A and Style B crates?
Style A crates have heavier components and are designed for severe handling and multiple shipments (heavy-duty). Style B crates are confined to handling that imposes only light to moderate hazards (light-duty).
⚡ When should a covered crate or shroud be specified?
If the shipped item requires environmental protection, a covered crate or shroud is recommended. Open crates are only suitable for items that are not readily susceptible to damage from outside forces.
📌 Which crate types are best for shipping ladders or wallboard?
Type II crates are specifically designed for self-supporting items such as ladders, tubing, extrusions, or wallboard that do not require blocking, bracing, or cushioning inside the container.