Physical Address
304 North Cardinal St.
Dorchester Center, MA 02124
D5890-19 – Standard Test Method Technical Guide
📐 Specimen Preparation and Sieve Requirements
This test method covers the evaluation of swelling properties of clay mineral for geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs). The clay mineral must be dried to a constant weight at 105 ± 5 °C. Granular clay mineral should be ground to 100% passing a 150-µm (No. 100) U.S. Standard Sieve, with a minimum of 65% passing a 75-µm (No. 200) U.S. Standard Sieve. Powdered clay mineral is tested after drying.
| 🟦 Material Type | 📏 Sieve Size | 📐 Passing Requirement |
|---|---|---|
| Granular Clay Mineral | 150-µm (No. 100) | 100% |
| Granular Clay Mineral | 75-µm (No. 200) | Minimum 65% |
| Powdered Clay Mineral | As received | Tested after drying |
⚙️ Test Procedure and Conditions
The test method is adapted from the United States Pharmacopeia (USP-NF-XVII) test method for bentonite. Samples are dried to constant weight at 105 ± 5 °C. Atmospheric conditions in the laboratory must be controlled. The test uses reagent water conforming to ASTM D1193. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.
| 🎯 Parameter | ⚡ Specification |
|---|---|
| Drying Temperature | 105 ± 5 °C |
| Oven Type | Gravity-convection or forced-ventilation per E145 |
| Reference | USP-NF-XVII Bentonite |
| Water Type | Reagent water per D1193 |
📊 Key Measured Properties and Significance
The swell index is a critical property for evaluating the clay mineral component of GCLs. It relates to the hydraulic conductivity performance of the liner system. Clay mineral quality can vary significantly, affecting the GCL composite. This test method provides an index for estimating usefulness in geosynthetic clay liners.
Values are stated in SI units, and the standard follows internationally recognized principles.
⚠️ Warning: This test method is not applicable for clays with polymers. Ensure the sample is free from polymers before testing.
💡 Tip: Maintain consistent laboratory atmospheric conditions to minimize variability in swell index results.
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
🔍 What is the scope of ASTM D5890-19?
It covers an index method for evaluating swelling properties of clay mineral in reagent water for use in GCLs, but it is not applicable for clays with polymers.
💡 How should granular clay mineral be prepared?
Granular clay mineral should be ground to 100% passing a 150-µm sieve and at least 65% passing a 75-µm sieve, then dried at 105 ± 5 °C.
⚡ What are the drying conditions for the test?
Samples must be dried to constant weight at 105 ± 5 °C, using an oven meeting ASTM E145 specifications.
📌 Why is the swell index important for GCLs?
The swell index relates to the hydraulic conductivity of the clay mineral, which is crucial for the performance of geosynthetic clay liners in containing fluids.