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D5788-95 – Standard Test Method Technical Guide
The ASTM D5788-95 (Reapproved 2024) standard provides a comprehensive guide for spiking organic analytes into aqueous samples. It is essential for accurately preparing spiked samples for analysis, calculating recoveries, and interpreting results in environmental and analytical chemistry.
📋 Scope and Application
This guide covers the general technique of spiking aqueous samples with organic analytes or components. It is applicable to a broad range of organic materials in aqueous media. The procedures are focused on “matrix spike” preparation, analysis, results, and interpretation. The guide emphasizes that spiking of multiple sample test portions is discussed, but the method of standard additions is not covered. It is intended for use in conjunction with individual analytical test methods.
The procedures apply only to analytes that are soluble in water at the concentration of the spike plus any background material, or to analytes soluble in a water-miscible solvent. Meaningful recovery data cannot be obtained without achieving a homogeneous solution.
Matrix spiking may be performed in the field or in the laboratory, depending on which part of the analytical process is to be tested. Field spiking tests the recovery of the overall process, including preservation and shipping. Laboratory spiking tests the laboratory process only. Spiking of sample extracts, concentrates, or dilutions will test only that portion of the process subsequent to the addition of the spike.
⚗️ Spiking Methodology
When preparing spike solutions, the analyst must ensure compatibility with the analytical method. The spike volume should be minimal to avoid diluting the sample. The standard provides guidance on calculating recoveries and interpreting results. It is the responsibility of the analyst to determine whether the methods and materials cited are compatible with the analytes of interest.
All values in this standard are expressed in SI units.
| 📋 Spiking Type | 🎯 Purpose | ⚡ Process Tested |
|---|---|---|
| Field Spiking | Evaluate overall recovery from collection to analysis | Preservation, shipping, and laboratory analysis |
| Laboratory Spiking | Evaluate laboratory accuracy and precision | Analytical procedure only |
| Extract Spiking | Test post-extraction recovery | Analysis of the extract |
💡 Tip: To ensure accurate spike recoveries, the spike solution must be homogeneous with the sample matrix. If the analyte is not readily water-soluble, pre-dissolve it in a small amount of water-miscible solvent like methanol or acetone, but verify compatibility with the analytical method.
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
🔍 What is the scope of ASTM D5788-95?
The standard covers the general technique of spiking aqueous samples with organic analytes for analytical and quality control purposes, focusing on matrix spike preparation and interpretation of recoveries.
💡 What are the solubility requirements for spike analytes?
Analytes must be soluble in water at the concentration of the spike plus background, or soluble in a water-miscible solvent to ensure a homogeneous solution.
⚡ What is the difference between field and laboratory spiking?
Field spiking tests the entire sampling and analytical process, including preservation and shipping. Laboratory spiking tests only the analytical laboratory process.
📌 What units are used in this standard?
The standard mandates the use of SI units for all measurements.