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D5505-14 – Standard Test Method Technical Guide
📐 Classification and Types of Emulsified Recycling Agents
This standard defines three types of emulsified recycling (ER) agents: ER-1, ER-2, and ER-3, as summarized in Table 1. ER-1 is primarily a rejuvenator for aged asphalt, classified by viscosity. ER-2 and ER-3 combine rejuvenators with asphalt components and are classified by low temperature penetration after aging.
| 🟦 Agent Type | 📏 Classification Method | 🎯 Primary Function |
|---|---|---|
| ER-1 | Viscosity (D2170/D2170M or D7496) | Rejuvenate aged asphalt binder |
| ER-2 | Low temp. penetration after aging (D2872 & D5/D5M) | Combined rejuvenator and asphalt soft residue |
| ER-3 | Low temp. penetration after aging (D2872 & D5/D5M) | Combined rejuvenator and asphalt soft residue |
⚙️ Testing Protocols for Classification
Classification of ER agents requires specific test methods. For ER-1, viscosity is measured using Kinematic Viscosity Test D2170/D2170M or Saybolt Furol Viscosity Test D7496. For ER-2 and ER-3, the residue after distillation (per D6997) is aged using the Rolling Thin-Film Oven Test (D2872), followed by penetration testing with D5/D5M.
| ⚡ Test Parameter | 📐 Test Method | 🟦 Applicable to |
|---|---|---|
| Kinematic Viscosity | D2170/D2170M | ER-1 |
| Saybolt Furol Viscosity | D7496 | ER-1 |
| Penetration after RTFO aging | D2872 & D5/D5M | ER-2, ER-3 |
📊 Significance and Industry Application
Recycling of asphalt pavements is routine, utilizing existing materials for quality and economy. This practice supports hot, cold, in-situ, central plant, and surface recycling. The classification allows selection of the appropriate ER agent for specific rejuvenation and modification needs.
💡 Tip: Use ER-1 when the existing binder requires significant rejuvenation. Choose ER-2 or ER-3 for balanced rejuvenation and binder supply.
⚠️ Important: All values are in SI units per Section 1.3. Always verify compatibility with base asphalt as per Section 3.1.
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
🔍 What is the purpose of ER-1 agents?
ER-1 agents are petroleum derivatives designed to rejuvenate aged asphalt binders. They are classified by viscosity.
💡 How are ER-2 and ER-3 different?
Both combine rejuvenators and asphalt residues, classified by low temperature penetration after aging. The standard provides two groups to cover varying recycling methods.
⚡ What test methods are required for classification?
For ER-1, use D2170/D2170M or D7496 for viscosity. For ER-2 and ER-3, use D2872 for aging and D5/D5M for penetration.
📌 Can other emulsified asphalts be used?
Yes, as per Section 1.2, emulsified asphalts from D977 or D2397/D2397M may also be used for recycling.