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D5276-19 – Standard Test Method Technical Guide
📐 Scope and Container Configurations
This standard specifies the procedure for the drop test of loaded containers by free fall. It covers boxes, cylindrical containers, bags, and sacks. For containers not exceeding 110 lb (50 kg), the test method fulfills the requirements of ISO Standards 2206:1987 and 2248:1985. The identification of container parts during testing follows the ISO 2206 orientation code.
| 🟦 Container Type | 🎯 Parts Identification (per ISO 2206) | 📏 Example Configurations |
|---|---|---|
| Boxes | Faces, Edges, Corners | Corner impact (1-2-3), Edge impact (2-3) |
| Cylindrical Containers | Top Rim, Bottom Rim, Side Seam, Body Flat | Barrels, Drums, Kegs, Pails |
| Bags and Sacks | Faces, Gusset Edges, Ends (Seals) | Flat bags, Gusseted sacks |
💡 Key Definition: A “cylinder” is defined in Section 3.2.1 as substantially cylindrical containers including barrels, drums, kegs, and pails made from fiber, metal, plastic, or wood. Test specimens must be conditioned according to ASTM D4332 prior to the drop test.
⚙️ Free-Fall Drop Test Procedure
The test evaluates the durability of loaded shipping containers. The drop height is determined by the container’s gross weight. The values stated in inch-pound units are regarded as the standard. For full compliance with ISO 2248, the following drop heights apply to containers within the 110 lb (50 kg) weight limit.
| ⚖️ Gross Weight (lb) | ⚖️ Equivalent (kg) | 📐 Drop Height (in) | 📐 Drop Height (mm) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Up to 22 | Up to 10 | 30 | 760 |
| 22 to 44 | 10 to 20 | 28 | 700 |
| 44 to 66 | 20 to 30 | 20 | 500 |
| 66 to 88 | 30 to 40 | 16 | 400 |
| 88 to 110 | 40 to 50 | 12 | 300 |
⚠️ Safety Responsibility: Per Section 1.4, this standard does not address all safety concerns. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices. Refer to ASTM E680 for drop weight impact sensitivity testing of hazardous materials.
📋 Supporting Referenced Standards
ASTM D5276 relies on a comprehensive framework of standards. General packaging terminology is defined in ASTM D996. Related mechanical handling tests are described in D6055 and D6179. Performance testing of shipping systems is guided by D4169, while general impact testing follows D880. The standard also aligns with 49 CFR transportation regulations and ISO standards for international harmonization.
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
🔍 What container weight limit ensures ISO 2248 compliance?
The test method fulfills the requirements of ISO 2248 for containers with a gross weight not exceeding 110 lb (50 kg).
💡 What specific container shapes are classified as “cylinders”?
Per Section 3.2.1, a cylinder includes barrels, drums, kegs, and pails constructed from fiber, metal, plastic, wood, or combinations thereof.
⚡ Which practice governs the preconditioning of test specimens?
All packages must be conditioned prior to drop testing in accordance with ASTM D4332 (Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or Packaging Components for Testing).
📌 Where can comprehensive packaging terminology be found?
Standard definitions for packaging and distribution environments are located in ASTM Terminology D996, which is referenced in Section 3.1 of D5276.