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D5035-11 – Standard Test Method Technical Guide
📐 Specimen Geometry and Types
The D5035-11 standard specifies two strip test procedures for textile fabrics: the raveled strip test and the cut strip test. The raveled strip test is used for woven fabrics, where specimens are cut larger than needed and raveled to the desired width by removing longitudinal yarns. The cut strip test is used for nonwoven, felted, and coated fabrics, where specimens are cut directly to width without raveling. These methods are not recommended for knitted fabrics or fabrics with stretch greater than 11 % (for such materials, refer to Test Method D5034).
| 🔬 Strip Test Method | ✂️ Specimen Preparation | 🎯 Fabric Applications |
|---|---|---|
| Raveled Strip | Cut and raveled to standard width | Woven fabrics |
| Cut Strip | Cut directly to width | Nonwoven, felted, dipped/coated fabrics |
Specimens must be conditioned according to Practice D1776/D1776M before testing to ensure consistent results.
⚙️ Test Procedure and Speed Selection
The test procedure requires a tensile testing machine compliant with Specification D76/D76M, set to a constant rate of extension (CRE) unless otherwise specified. The gauge length is typically 3 in (75 mm) with a specimen width of 1 in (25 mm) for standard strip tests. Crosshead speed should be selected based on the material elongation; common speeds include 12 in/min (300 mm/min) for fabrics with moderate stretch. For wet testing, specimens are soaked in water with a wetting agent for at least one hour prior to testing.
⚠️ Avoid using this test method for fabrics with high stretch (above 11 % elongation). For such materials, use the grab test method described in D5034.
| 📏 Test Parameter | 🟦 Inch-Pound Units | 🟦 SI Units |
|---|---|---|
| Specimen Width | 1.0 in | 25.0 mm |
| Gauge Length | 3.0 in | 75.0 mm |
| Crosshead Speed | 12 in/min | 300 mm/min |
These values are typical and should be verified with the specific standard section for precise specifications.
📊 Key Measured Properties
The primary properties measured are breaking force and elongation. Breaking force is the maximum force recorded during the test, while elongation is the increase in specimen length at the break point expressed as a percentage of the original length. Results must be reported in either inch-pound or SI units without combining both systems.
| 📏 Property | 🔢 Unit (Inch-Pound) | 🔢 Unit (SI) |
|---|---|---|
| Breaking Force | lbf (pound-force) | N (newton) |
| Elongation | % (percent) | % (percent) |
Refer to Terminology D4848 for complete definitions of force and deformation terms.
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
🔍 What is the difference between raveled strip and cut strip tests?
The raveled strip test removes edge threads to create a precise width for woven fabrics, while the cut strip test cuts directly to width and is used for nonwovens and coated fabrics.
💡 Can this test method be applied to knitted fabrics?
No, it is not recommended for knitted fabrics or fabrics with more than 11 % stretch. Use Test Method D5034 for such materials.
⚡ What conditioning is required for testing?
Condition specimens in a standard atmosphere of 70 ± 2°F (21 ± 1°C) and 65 ± 2 % relative humidity as per Practice D1776/D1776M before testing.
📌 How is breaking force reported?
Breaking force is reported in pound-force (lbf) or newtons (N) with the corresponding elongation percentage. The unit system must be reported separately without combination.