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D4635-16 – Standard Test Method Technical Guide
ASTM D4635-16 provides specifications for plastic films made from low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) for general use and packaging applications. Films covered have densities from 0.910 to 0.925 g/cm³ per Specification D4976, with thickness up to 101.6 μm and width up to 3.30 m. The standard applies to homopolymers, copolymers, and blends, including ethylene/vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers, and allows for recycled feedstock meeting all requirements.
📐 Scope and Classification
This specification covers unpigmented, unsupported films with density ranging from 0.910 to 0.925 g/cm³. Note that film density may differ from molded plaque density from the same resin. Blends of EVA with LDPE may have densities up to 0.929 g/cm³. Films are limited to thickness of 101.6 μm (0.004 in.) or less and width of 3.30 m (130 in.) or less. The standard does not include oriented heat-shrinkable films. Classification is based on types (manufacturing categories), classes (surface finishes), and surfaces (glossy, matte). Recycled polyethylene can be used as feedstock as per Guide D7209.
Note: The density of a film may not equal the density of a molded plaque from the same resin, as indicated in Specification D4976.
⚙️ Physical Properties and Tolerances
Intrinsic quality requirements include density, workmanship, tensile strength, heat sealability, and odor. Dimensional tolerances are specified for thickness, width, and length or yield. The standard defines levels of physical properties from which specifications for specific films may be described. Classification properties such as impact strength, coefficient of friction, optical properties, and surface treatment must be selected from Section 6 for specific applications. Test methods from ASTM are used to verify compliance.
| 📐 Property | 📏 Requirement | 🎯 Test Method |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 0.910–0.925 g/cm³ | D1505 (Density-Gradient Technique) |
| Thickness | ≤ 101.6 μm (0.004 in.) | Per standard dimensional measurement |
| Width | ≤ 3.30 m (130 in.) | Per standard dimensional measurement |
| Tensile Strength | Per specification requirements | D882 (Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic Sheeting) |
| Haze | Per classification requirements | D1003 (Haze and Luminous Transmittance) |
| Melt Flow Rate | As per resin specification | D1238 (Extrusion Plastometer) |
The standard also includes requirements for heat sealability and odor, ensuring films are suitable for packaging applications. Sampling methods are provided for quality control, and the standard applies to films up to 101.6 μm in thickness.
Recycled polyethylene film or resin may be used as feedstock, but must comply with all requirements of this specification, including any specific agreements between producer and end user.
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
🔍 What is the density range for films under D4635-16?
The density range is 0.910–0.925 g/cm³ for LDPE and LLDPE films, with blends of EVA allowed up to 0.929 g/cm³.
💡 Does this standard cover oriented heat-shrinkable films?
No, oriented heat-shrinkable films are explicitly excluded from the scope of this specification.
⚡ What test method is used for tensile properties?
Test Method D882 (Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic Sheeting) is used to determine tensile strength and elongation.
📌 Can recycled materials be used in films conforming to this standard?
Yes, recycled polyethylene film or resin can be used as feedstock, provided all specification requirements are met and any additional requirements from the producer and end user are satisfied.