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D4424-09 – Standard Test Method Technical Guide
📐 Test Method Overview and Scope
ASTM D4424-09 (Reapproved 2014) specifies the gas chromatographic analysis of commercial butylenes, butylene concentrates, and butane-butylene mixtures. It covers components at concentrations of 0.05% or greater, including propane, propylene, isobutane, n-butane, butene-1, isobutene, trans-butene-2, cis-butene-2, 1,3-butadiene, isopentane, and n-pentane. The method is not intended for trace analysis or high-purity streams. Values are expressed in SI units with inch-pound equivalents for reference.
| 🟦 Component | 📏 Classification | 🎯 Minimum Detection |
|---|---|---|
| Propane | Alkane | 0.05% |
| Propylene | Alkene | 0.05% |
| Isobutane | Alkane | 0.05% |
| n-Butane | Alkane | 0.05% |
| Butene-1 | Alkene | 0.05% |
| Isobutene | Alkene | 0.05% |
| trans-Butene-2 | Alkene | 0.05% |
| cis-Butene-2 | Alkene | 0.05% |
| 1,3-Butadiene | Diene | 0.05% |
| Isopentane | Alkane | 0.05% |
| n-Pentane | Alkane | 0.05% |
⚙️ Apparatus and Procedure Requirements
The chromatograph must be equipped with a thermal conductivity or flame ionization detector capable of detecting 0.05% of each component. Sample introduction is via constant-volume gas or liquid sampling valves. For liquid sampling, the cylinder must be pressurized to at least 1100 kPa (160 psig) with an inert gas. Column performance must ensure resolution such that valley depths between peaks are no less than 50% of the lesser peak height. Calibration uses relative response factors or standard blends.
| ⚡ Apparatus | 📐 Specification |
|---|---|
| Detector | Thermal conductivity or flame ionization |
| Sensitivity | Detect ≥0.05% of each component |
| Sample Valve | Constant-volume gas or liquid |
| Liquid Sample Pressure | Min. 1100 kPa (160 psig) |
| Column Resolution | Valley depth ≥50% of lesser peak height |
⚠️ Safety Warning: Compressed gas under high pressure. Gas reduces oxygen available for breathing. Use inert gas for pressurization and ensure adequate ventilation.
✅ Tip: Verify column resolution meets the valley depth criterion for accurate component quantification.
📊 Significance and Use
This test method is essential for custody transfer payments and evaluating process requirements. It provides data for butylene stream composition, utilizing columns from Appendix X3 for optimal separation. Accurate results depend on proper calibration and adherence to apparatus specifications.
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
🔍 What is the scope of ASTM D4424-09? It covers gas chromatographic analysis of commercial butylenes and butane-butylene mixtures for components at 0.05% or greater.
© 2026 TNLab — This article is a technical interpretation for reference only. The original standard as published by ASTM International takes precedence.