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D4157-13 – Standard Test Method Technical Guide
📐 Specimen Types and Preparation
This test method applies to woven textile fabrics subjected to abrasion testing via the oscillatory cylinder method. According to Section 5.1, the resistance to abrasion is complex and depends on inherent mechanical properties of the fibers, dimensions of the fibers, structure of the yarns, construction of the fabrics, and finishing materials. Specimens should be representative of the fabric and conditioned accordingly. The method may not be suitable for all fabric constructions, as noted in Section 1.1.
⚠️ Caution: This test method may not be usable for some fabric constructions. Users should verify applicability by consulting the standard and conducting preliminary tests.
⚙️ Test Procedure and Speed Selection
The oscillatory cylinder test involves unidirectional rubbing action under known conditions of pressure, tension, and abrasive action, as per Section 4.1. One complete cycle is defined as a double-rub in oscillatory cylinder abrasion testing. The tester applies abrasive action through an oscillating cylinder. The standard emphasizes controlled conditions for pressure and tension to ensure reproducibility. Evaluation of abrasion resistance is performed after a set number of cycles or upon specimen failure.
| 🔍 Term | 📖 Definition |
|---|---|
| Abrasion | Gradual wearing away of fabric surface due to rubbing |
| Abrasion Cycle | One complete sequence in abrasion testing |
| Breaking Force | Maximum force applied to a specimen before rupture |
| Double-Rub | One to-and-fro motion in oscillatory cylinder abrasion testing |
💡 Tip: For this test method, values in SI units are considered standard. Values in parentheses are for information only and are not considered standard, as noted in Section 1.2.
📊 Key Measured Properties and Evaluation
Key properties measured include breaking force after abrasion, as determined using Test Methods D5034 or D5035. Other evaluation methods are described in Section 12 of the standard. The significance of the test lies in understanding the influential factors like fiber and yarn properties, as detailed in Section 5.1. The standard also references guides D3884 and D4158 for other abrasion methods.
| 📌 Standard | 📏 Description |
|---|---|
| D123 | Terminology Relating to Textiles |
| D3884 | Guide for Abrasion Resistance (Rotary Platform Abrader Method) |
| D3885 | Test Method for Abrasion Resistance (Flexing and Abrasion Method) |
| D3886 | Test Method for Abrasion Resistance (Inflated Diaphragm Apparatus) |
| D4158 | Guide for Abrasion Resistance (Uniform Abrasion) |
| D4850 | Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods |
| D5034 | Test Method for Breaking Strength (Grab Test) |
| D5035 | Test Method for Breaking Force (Strip Method) |
| AATCC 93 | Abrasion Resistance of Fabrics: Accelerotor Method |
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
🔍 What is the scope of ASTM D4157?
It covers the determination of abrasion resistance of woven textile fabrics using the oscillatory cylinder tester.
💡 How is abrasion resistance evaluated?
Evaluation can be done through loss of breaking force, appearance changes, or other methods specified in Section 12 of the standard.
⚡ What factors influence abrasion resistance?
Resistance is affected by fiber mechanical properties, fiber dimensions, yarn structure, fabric construction, and finishing materials.
📌 What referenced standards are included?
Key standards include ASTM D123, D3884, D3885, D3886, D4158, D4850, D5034, and D5035, as well as AATCC 93.