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D4109-02 – Standard Test Method Technical Guide
🔍 Scope and Application of ASTM D4109 – 02
ASTM D4109 – 02 defines the performance specification for woven fabrics used in men’s and boys’ coveralls, dungarees, overalls, and shop-coats. It applies to any textile fiber or mixture, covering both length and width directions where relevant. The standard explicitly excludes interlinings and industrial-protective clothing. Per Section 1.4, users must establish appropriate safety practices and determine applicable regulatory limitations prior to use.
⚠️ Regulatory Note: 16 CFR Part 1610 (Flammable Fabrics Act Regulations) is a mandatory requirement referenced in Section 2.3 for textiles sold in the United States under this specification.
📊 Performance Requirements and Test Methods
Performance characteristics are verified through a comprehensive suite of ASTM, AATCC, and federal test methods. These cover mechanical properties (breaking force, tear resistance) and aesthetic durability (colorfastness, dimensional stability).
| 🟦 Property | 📏 Test Method | 📐 Standard Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength | ASTM D5034 | Grab Test Procedure |
| Tear Strength | ASTM D1424 / D2261 | Elmendorf & Tongue Rip |
| Yarn Slippage | ASTM D434 | Standard Seam Method |
| Crocking | AATCC 8 / 116 | Crockmeter Method |
| Perspiration / Light / Fumes | AATCC 15 / 16 / 23 | Colorfastness Tests |
| Laundering Shrinkage | AATCC 135 / 124 | Dimensional Change & Appearance |
| Flammability | 16 CFR Ch. II | Flammable Fabrics Act |
💡 Evaluation Tip: When testing in accordance with D4109 – 02, always use the latest edition of each referenced test method. Performance requirements apply to both the warp and filling directions for directional properties.
⚙️ Terminology and Reference Documents
Terminology follows ASTM D123 (Relating to Textiles). Bonded, fused, or laminated fabrics are evaluated per ASTM D2724. Sampling procedures utilize ASTM D2905 and MIL-STD-105D. Color change and staining are evaluated using the AATCC Gray Scales (Evaluation Procedure 1 and 2) or the AATCC Chromatic Transference Scale (Evaluation Procedure 3).
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
🔍 What garments are covered by ASTM D4109 – 02?
This specification covers woven fabrics for men’s and boys’ coveralls, dungarees, overalls, and shop-coats. It excludes fabrics for interlinings and industrial-protective clothing.
💡 Does the standard require specific fibers?
No. Section 1.1 states the specification applies to fabrics comprised of any textile fiber or mixture of fibers.
⚡ How is flammability addressed?
Flammability is mandated through