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D3161 – Standard Test Method Technical Guide
📐 Scope and Applicable Products
This test method, D3161/D3161M-20 (Reapproved 2025), evaluates the wind resistance of discontinuous, air permeable, steep slope roofing products. The resistance is due to rigidity, with or without sealant or mechanical interlocking. Products are applied to a test panel per manufacturer instructions and tested at a 2:12 (17%) slope, or the lowest slope permitted. It covers asphalt shingles, polymer-based shingles, fiber-cement shingles, concrete tiles, clay tiles, metal shingles, and photovoltaic shingles. The method does not measure structural performance or uplift resistance and is not for continuous, non-permeable roof systems like membranes.
| 🟦 Product Type | 📏 Scope Coverage |
|---|---|
| Asphalt Shingles | Included |
| Polymer-Based Shingles | Included |
| Fiber-Cement Shingles | Included |
| Concrete Tiles | Included |
| Clay Tiles | Included |
| Metal Shingles | Included |
| Photovoltaic Shingles | Included |
Note: Limited to products with a maximum exposure of 410 mm [16 in.]. Not applicable to continuous roof coverings or for uplift evaluation.
⚙️ Test Procedure and Slope Requirements
The fan-induced method delivers an air stream across the specimen surface. Tests are conducted at a slope of 2:12 (17%) or the lowest slope per manufacturer instructions. The method requires proper conditioning, especially for sealant-based systems, where “seal” is the bonding from sealant, and “sealed” is the conditioned state. The maximum exposure for test specimens is 410 mm [16 in.]. Values are provided in SI and inch-pound units, each to be used independently.
| 📐 Parameter | 🎯 Specification |
|---|---|
| Test Slope | 2:12 (17%) or minimum per manufacturer |
| Maximum Exposure | 410 mm [16 in.] |
| Method Type | Fan-Induced Air Stream |
| Unit System | SI and Inch-Pound (use independently) |
Technical Tip: Always follow manufacturer’s application instructions for accurate test results. SI and inch-pound values are not exact equivalents; do not combine them.
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
🔍 What roofing products are covered by this standard?
This standard covers asphalt shingles, polymer-based shingles, fiber-cement shingles, concrete tiles, clay tiles, metal shingles, and photovoltaic shingles, including other steep slope roofing products that are discontinuous and air permeable.
💡 How is the test slope determined?
The test slope is 2:12 (17%) or the lowest slope permitted by the manufacturer’s instructions for the specific product.
⚡ What is the maximum exposure allowed for tested products?
The maximum exposure is 410 mm [16 in.] for products tested under this method.
📌 Why was the standard revised from its original title?
The original title specified asphalt shingles, but the revision acknowledges that the method is applicable to many other steep slope roofing products, such as polymer-based, fiber-cement, and tile products.