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D3107-07 – Standard Test Method Technical Guide
📐 Scope and Specimen Requirements
ASTM D3107-07 (Reapproved 2019) provides standardized methods for determining fabric stretch, fabric growth, and fabric recovery of woven fabrics made wholly or in part from stretch yarns. These test methods are specifically designed for woven fabrics exhibiting high stretch (greater than 12%) and good recovery properties under low tension applications (up to 360 g/cm or 2 lb/in. of fabric width). Several calculations are included for these properties and can be used individually when required by individual specifications. The standard explicitly states it should not be used for measuring breaking elongation of woven fabrics, which is covered by Test Method D5035.
🟢 Scope Flexibility: By agreement between parties, these test methods can also be applied to woven fabrics made wholly or in part from non-stretch yarns, provided the fabric falls within the stretch characteristics outlined in the standard.
| 🟦 Tension Option | 📏 Applied Force (SI) | 📐 Applied Force (Inch-Pound) | 🎯 Typical Application |
|---|---|---|---|
| Low Tension | 1.35 kg (13.2 N) | 3 lb | Lightweight stretch apparel fabrics |
| Standard Tension | 1.8 kg (17.6 N) | 4 lb | General woven stretch fabrics |
⚙️ Test Procedure and Key Parameters
All testing must be conducted in a standard atmosphere for textiles following the conditioning procedures of Practice D1776. Fabric specimens are cut to the specified dimensions, and bench marks are carefully applied at a defined gauge length (typically 250 mm or 10 in.). The specimen is mounted in a clamp, the selected tension load is applied smoothly for a specified duration, and the extension between the bench marks is measured immediately to determine Fabric Stretch. The load is then removed, and the specimen is allowed to relax. After a defined relaxation period, the distance between the bench marks is measured again to determine Fabric Growth.
⚠️ Critical Testing Note: Ensure the tension weight is applied without shock and hangs freely without lateral constraints. The specimen must align vertically to guarantee uniform stress distribution across the fabric width, preventing inaccurate growth or stretch readings.
📊 Key Measured Properties and Calculations
The test methods yield three primary performance indicators essential for evaluating stretch woven fabrics. For all terminology related to force, deformation, fabrics, and yarns, refer to Terminology D4848, D4850, and D4849 respectively. These properties are calculated as percentages based on the original gauge length (Go), the extended length under tension (Gs), and the final relaxed length (Gr).
| 📊 Property | ⚡ Definition | ❓ Significance |
|---|---|---|
| Fabric Stretch | Extension under specified tension (1.35 kg or 1.8 kg) | Indicates the immediate “give” or elasticity in the fabric. |
| Fabric Growth | Residual extension after tension is removed and relaxation | Measures permanent deformation or potential “bagging sag” of the fabric. |
| Fabric Recovery | Ability of the fabric to return to its original length | Calculated from Stretch and Growth values; indicates elastic performance. |
Calculation Formulas:
% Fabric Stretch = [(Gs − Go) / Go] × 100
% Fabric Growth = [(Gr − Go) / Go] × 100
% Fabric Recovery = [(Stretch − Growth) / Stretch] × 100
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
🔍 What is the primary application of ASTM D3107?
It is used for determining the fabric stretch, fabric growth, and fabric recovery of woven fabrics made wholly or in part from stretch yarns, specifically those exhibiting high stretch (greater than 12%) and good recovery from low tension.
💡 What tension loads are specified in the standard?
The standard allows the use of two tension options commonly used in the textile industry: 1.35 kg (3 lb) and 1.8 kg (4 lb). The selection depends on the applicable material specification.
⚡ Can ASTM D3107 be used to measure breaking elongation?
No. Section 1.4 of the standard explicitly states that these test methods should not be used to measure breaking elongation of woven fabrics, which is covered in Test Method D5035.
📌 What key terminology is defined for this standard?
Key relevant terms include bench marks, fabric stretch, fabric growth, stretch yarn, and tension. For comprehensive definitions, refer to the referenced Terminology standards D4850 (Fabrics), D4849 (Yarns), and D4848 (Force/Deformation).