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D3022-84 – Standard Test Method Technical Guide
🎯 Purpose and Scope
This standard test method, D3022-84 (Reapproved 2011), covers the determination of color and strength of dry color pigments through the use of a miniature sandmill. It is intended for routine quality control and correlates well with industrial practice. Values are stated in SI units as the standard, with imperial units provided for reference. Users must establish appropriate safety and health practices and comply with regulatory limitations; specific hazard statements are referenced in Section 6 of the standard.
🔧 Apparatus and Specifications
The miniature sandmill features a 41‑mm (1 5⁄8‑in.) diameter fiber rotary disk impeller maintaining a constant 8000 r/min under varying loads. The shaft must be balanced to avoid whip between 0 and 10 000 r/min. Additional apparatus include a balance sensitive to 10 mg with capacity over 300 g, a 100‑mL graduated cylinder, 200‑mL tall‑form beakers, disposable 40‑mesh paper cone strainers, 6‑mm‑thick phenolic laminated fiber disks, and a film applicator with 200‑µm clearance and at least 75‑mm width. Paper charts impervious to paint liquids are also required.
| 🟦 Component | 📏 Specification |
|---|---|
| Miniature Sandmill | 41‑mm disk, 8000 r/min, shaft balanced 0–10 000 r/min |
| Balance | 10 mg sensitivity, >300 g capacity |
| Film Applicator | 200‑µm (8‑mil) clearance, ≥75 mm width |
| Fiber Disks | 41‑mm diameter, 6‑mm thick, phenolic laminated |
📊 Color Measurement and Standards
Color and strength measurement uses instruments defined in Test Method E97 (withdrawn 1991) or Practice E308. Color differences and tolerances are calculated per Practice D2244. The standard also references Specification C778 for sand, Specification D235 for mineral spirits, and Test Method D523 for specular gloss.
| 📌 Reference | ⚡ Purpose |
|---|---|
| ASTM C778 | Specification for sand |
| ASTM D235 | Specification for mineral spirits |
| ASTM E308 | Practice for computing CIE color coordinates |
| ASTM D2244 | Calculation of color tolerances and differences |
💡 Tip: To ensure reproducible dispersion, verify that the sandmill impeller shaft shows no whip across the entire speed range. Check balance regularly.
⚠️ Caution: Review the hazard statements in Section 6 of the full standard before testing. Use appropriate ventilation and protective equipment when handling pigments and solvents.
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
🔍 What is the primary use of D3022‑84?
It determines the color and strength of dry color pigments using a miniature sandmill, mainly for quality control in paint and pigment industries.
💡 What is the operating speed of the sandmill impeller?
The impeller rotates at a constant 8000 r/min under varying load conditions.
⚡ What clearance is required for the film applicator?
The applicator must have a 200‑µm (8‑mil) clearance and be at least 75 mm (3 in.) wide.
📌 Which standards are used for color measurement?
Test Method E97 and Practice E308 are referenced for instrumental color measurement; Practice D2244 is used for color difference calculations.