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D249-89 – Standard Test Method Technical Guide
📜 Scope and Classification
This specification covers asphalt roofing in sheet form, composed of asphalt-saturated organic felt coated on both sides with asphalt and surfaced on the weather side with mineral granules. It is intended for use in widths as agreed upon by the purchaser and the seller. The standard classifies the material into two types based on the minimum net mass of the granule-surfaced portion.
| 🟦 Type | 📏 Minimum Net Mass (Granule-Surfaced Portion) |
|---|---|
| Type I | 74.0 lb/100 ft² (3610 gm/m²) |
| Type II | 71.5 lb/100 ft² (3490 gm/m²) |
⚙️ Materials and Manufacture
In the manufacturing process, a single thickness of dry organic felt is impregnated with a hot asphaltic saturant. It is then coated on both sides with a hot asphaltic coating and surfaced on the weather side with mineral granules. The reverse side is covered with a material to prevent sticking in the roll. Any selvage may omit the granule surfacing, and the coating on the weather side of the selvage may also be omitted. If coated, the selvage must be covered to prevent sticking without interfering with lap cement bonding. The felt must be produced primarily from organic fibers, with a uniform and smooth surface free from lumps and foreign particles. The asphaltic coating may be compounded with a fine mineral stabilizer substantially insoluble in water.
📐 Physical Requirements and Dimensions
The finished material must not crack at ambient temperatures above 50°F (10°C) nor be sticky at temperatures below 140°F (60°C) to ensure proper handling. Pliability is assessed according to Test Methods D 228, Section 17, where at least eight out of ten strips from the granule-surfaced portion must not crack. Loss on heating must not exceed 1.5% volatile loss, and granule sliding must be no more than 1/16 in. (2 mm) when tested per Test Methods D 228, Section 18. Material with a 4-in. (102 mm) wide selvage must meet lap strength requirements with Type II cement as specified in Specification D 3019.
| 🎯 Property | ⚡ Requirement |
|---|---|
| Pliability | At least 8 out of 10 strips shall not crack (D 228, Section 17) |
| Volatile Loss | No more than 1.5% (D 228, Section 18) |
| Granule Sliding | No more than 1/16 in. (2 mm) (D 228, Section 18) |
| Lap Strength | Must meet requirements with Type II cement (D 3019) for 4-in. selvage |
Width is standard at 36 in. (914 mm) ± 0.7%, but other widths can be agreed upon. Selvage options include no selvage, 2 ± 1/4 in. (51 ± 6 mm), or 4 ± 1/2 in. (102 ± 12 mm). The standard area for rolls is typically specified, but not detailed here.
⚠️ Important: This standard does not purport to address all safety concerns. Users should establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine regulatory limitations prior to use.
💡 Tip: Always handle and store rolls at temperatures between 50°F and 140°F to avoid cracking or sticking during unrolling.
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
🔍 What are the net mass requirements for Type I and Type II roofing?
Type I requires a minimum net mass of 74.0 lb/100 ft², and Type II requires 71.5 lb/100 ft² for the granule-surfaced portion.
💡 How is pliability determined for this material?
Pliability is tested per Test Methods D 228, Section 17, where at least eight out of ten strips must not crack after bending around a mandrel.
⚡ What are the available selvage widths?
The material can be supplied without a selvage, or with a 2 ± 1/4 in. or 4 ± 1/2 in. selvage as specified.
📌 What is the standard width for these rolls?
The standard width is 36 in. (914 mm) with a tolerance of ±0.7%, unless otherwise agreed upon by the purchaser and seller.