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D2323-93 – Standard Test Method Technical Guide
🔬 Property Requirements and Specification Limits
ASTM D2323 – 93 (Reapproved 1997) establishes the quality criteria for refined pyridine, commonly known as “1 Degree” pyridine due to its tight distillation range. All test values must be rounded to the nearest unit of the specified limit in accordance with Practice E 29. The table below summarizes the key property requirements and their associated test methods.
| 📊 Property | 📐 Specification Limit | ⚡ Test Method |
|---|---|---|
| Water content, max, weight % | 0.10 | D 1631 |
| Reducing substances | Passes at 30 min | D 2031 |
| Water solubility | Clear solution, no turbidity or oil film | D 2030 |
| Color, max, Pt-Co scale | 20 | D 1209 |
| Relative density, 15.56/15.56°C | 0.985 to 0.990 | D 3505 |
| Distillation range (at 101.3 kPa), max | 1.0°C (including 115.3 ± 0.1°C) | D 1078 (Thermometer 41°C) |
| Appearance (18.3 – 25.6°C) | Clear liquid, free of sediment and haze | Visual |
⚠️ Regulatory Compliance: The standard explicitly requires adherence to current OSHA regulations (29 CFR 1910.1000 and 1910.1200). Always consult the supplier’s Material Safety Data Sheet (SDS) and local safety requirements when handling or testing refined pyridine.
🧪 Test Methodology and Sampling Requirements
Accurate conformance assessment relies on strict adherence to the specified ASTM test methods and the sampling protocol outlined in Practice D 3437 for liquid cyclic products. The distillation range test is the defining characteristic for the “1 Degree” designation and requires the use of an ASTM Solvents Distillation Thermometer 41°C. The table below lists all the mandatory referenced standards supporting this specification.
| 📏 ASTM Designation | 🎯 Title |
|---|---|
| D 1078 | Distillation Range of Volatile Organic Liquids |
| D 1209 | Color of Clear Liquids (Platinum-Cobalt Scale) |
| D 1631 | Water in Phenol and Related Materials (Iodine Reagent Method) |
| D 2030 | Water Solubility of Refined Pyridine |
| D 2031 | Reducing Substances in Refined Pyridine |
| D 3437 | Sampling and Handling Liquid Cyclic Products |
| D 3505 | Density or Relative Density of Pure Liquid Chemicals |
| E 29 | Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance |
✅ Critical Test Condition: The distillation range must be measured at a standardized pressure of 101.3 kPa (760 mm Hg). To meet the specification, the entire boiling range must fall within a 1.0°C window and must include the temperature 115.3 ± 0.1°C.
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
🔍 What does the “(1 Degree)” in the title signify?
It refers to the maximum allowable distillation range of 1.0°C. This tight boiling range ensures the pyridine is highly refined with minimal organic impurities, making it suitable for demanding chemical syntheses and analytical applications.
💡 How is water content determined in refined pyridine?
Water content is quantitatively determined using the Iodine Reagent Method (Karl Fischer titration) as specified in Test Method D 1631. The maximum permissible water content to meet the standard is 0.10 weight percent.
⚡ What does “Passes at 30 min” mean for reducing substances?
This refers to D 2031. A “pass” means the sample does not exceed the allowable discoloration or reaction limit after exactly 30 minutes of testing. This ensures the absence of undesirable reducing agents that could affect chemical stability.
📌 What specific appearance criteria must the product meet?
Refined pyridine must be a clear liquid, completely free of sediment, suspended particles, and haze when observed at the controlled range of 18.3 to 25.6°C (65 to 78°F).