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D2259-21 – Standard Test Method Technical Guide
📐 Scope and Applicability
ASTM D2259-21 specifies a test method for determining the shrinkage of yarns in skein form under various treatments, including boiling water, dry heat, saturated steam, or solvents. This method is applicable to yarns from any fiber or combination of fibers where the tex is known, but not for elastomeric yarns or those with more than 5% stretch under prescribed tension. The standard requires values in either SI or inch-pound units, without mixing. Users must adhere to safety and health guidelines.
This test method is widely used for acceptance testing of commercial yarn shipments. It references key standards such as D123 for terminology, D1776 for conditioning, and D4031 for textured yarns.
| 🟦 Yarn Type | 📏 Applicability | ⚡ Special Considerations |
|---|---|---|
| Natural fibers | Yes | May require specific conditioning |
| Synthetic fibers | Yes | Treatments vary based on fiber type |
| Elastomeric yarns | Not recommended | Excessive stretch under tension |
| Textured yarns | See Test Method D4031 | Separate standard for bulk properties |
⚠️ This test method is not recommended for elastomeric yarns or any yarns that stretch more than 5% under the prescribed tension.
⚙️ Test Method Summary
The procedure involves measuring the loop length of a conditioned skein under tension that straightens without stretching. The skein is then treated by immersion in boiling water, exposure to dry heat or saturated steam, or with solvents. After reconditioning, the loop length is remeasured. Shrinkage or growth is calculated as the percentage change in length. For textured yarns, specific procedures are outlined in Test Method D4031.
Conditioning should follow Practice D1776 to ensure consistent moisture and temperature conditions. Terminology is defined in standards D4849 and D4848.
| 🟦 Treatment | 🎯 Description | 📐 Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Boiling Water | Skein immersed in boiling water | Common for assessing fabric potential |
| Dry Heat | Exposure in an oven per E145 | Used for heat-sensitive yarns |
| Saturated Steam | Steam exposure in a chamber | Simulates industrial conditions |
| Solvents | Treatment with specified solvents | For specialty applications |
💡 Always condition yarn samples according to Practice D1776 to ensure repeatable results.
📊 Shrinkage Calculation and Key Terminology
Shrinkage is calculated as: Shrinkage (%) = ((L1 – L2) / L1) × 100, where L1 is the initial loop length and L2 is the loop length after treatment. The test method relies on defined terms such as skein, skein loop-length, and extension, as per terminologies D4849 and D4848. This standard aligns with international standardization principles.
For accurate testing, yarn number should be determined using Test Methods D1059 or D1907. Sampling should follow Practice D2258.
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
© 2026 TNLab — This article is a technical interpretation for reference only. The original standard as published by ASTM International takes precedence.