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D2190-07 – Standard Test Method Technical Guide
📐 Specification Scope and General Principles
This standard, designated D2190‑07 (Reapproved 2021), is issued under the fixed designation D2190. It covers the specification for vinyl acetate used as a chemical intermediate, under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and Subcommittee D01.35 on Solvents, Plasticizers, and Chemical Intermediates. The specification requires sampling in accordance with ASTM Practice E300 and conformance determination using the rounding‑off method of Practice E29.
⚠️ Rounding Requirement: For the purposes of determining conformance with this specification, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right‑hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding‑off method of Practice E29. The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
📊 Key Physical and Chemical Properties
Section 4 of the standard defines the specific property limits that the vinyl acetate material must conform to, with the color measurement specifically limited to the Hydroquinone (HQ) inhibited grade.
| 🟦 Property | 📏 Specification Requirement | 📐 Test Method |
|---|---|---|
| Distillation Range | 71.8 °C to 73.0 °C | D1078 |
| Apparent Specific Gravity (20/20 °C) | 0.9335 to 0.9345 | D4052 |
| Color (Pt‑Co Scale, HQ Grade) | 5 max | D1209 / D5386 |
| Water Content (weight %) | 0.05 max | D1364 |
| Acetaldehyde Content (weight %) | 0.02 max | D2191 |
| Acidity (as Acetic Acid, weight %) | 0.005 max | D2086 |
| Inhibitor Content (Hydroquinone) | As agreed upon | D2193 |
Note: Instrumental Pt‑Co color determination by Test Method D5386 has been shown to have no statistically significant difference from Pt‑Co color determined by Test Method D1209, though the interlaboratory study did not specifically confirm this for vinyl acetate.
⚙️ Test Methods and Sampling Protocol
The properties enumerated in this specification are determined strictly according to the referenced ASTM test methods. Beyond the primary properties, the standard also references a guide for sampling and testing volatile solvents (D268) and a federal specification for packaging industrial chemicals (PPP‑C‑2020).
⚠️ Withdrawn Methods: Several of the test methods referenced in D2190 were withdrawn by ASTM in 2021, specifically D1364 (water), D2086 (acidity), D2191 (acetaldehyde), D2193 (hydroquinone), and D268 (guide). Users of this standard should verify the availability of these methods or establish alternative procedures by mutual agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer.
The standard further directs that for specific hazard information and guidance, the supplier’s Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for materials listed in this specification must be consulted. This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles established by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
🔍 What is the official scope of ASTM D2190‑07 (2021)?
The scope specifies that the standard covers vinyl acetate. It also establishes the requirement for rounding test data to determine conformance, declares SI units as the standard, and directs users to the supplier’s SDS for hazard information.
💡 What are the strictest purity requirements for vinyl acetate under this standard?
The acidity level must be a maximum of 0.005 % by weight (as acetic acid). The water content must not exceed 0.05 %, while the acetaldehyde content is limited to a maximum of 0.02 %. The color must be 5 Pt‑Co max for the HQ inhibited grade.
📌 What is the required specific gravity of the material?
The apparent specific gravity at 20/20 °C must fall between 0.9335 and 0.9345, as determined by Test Method D4052 using a digital density meter.
⚡ How should the material be sampled for conformance testing?
The material must be sampled in accordance with ASTM Practice E300, which provides detailed standard practices for the sampling of industrial chemicals to ensure a representative test specimen.