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D2099-14 – Standard Test Method Technical Guide
The ASTM D2099-14 (Reapproved 2023) standard specifies the test method for evaluating dynamic water resistance of shoe upper leather using the Maeser water penetration tester. This standard applies to all types of shoe upper leather except wet blue and measures initial water penetration and absorption. The values stated in inch-pound units are regarded as standard, with SI units provided for information.
📐 Apparatus Specifications
The apparatus includes a balance sensitive to 0.01 g and a Maeser water penetration tester. The tester features a specimen holder with two V-shaped clamps and a water tank. Key dimensions are provided in the table below:
| 🟦 Parameter | 📏 Inch-Pound Value | 📐 SI Value |
|---|---|---|
| Clamp Distance (inside measurement) | 2.5 in. ± 0.1 in. | 63.5 mm ± 2.5 mm |
| Movement Distance of Movable Clamp | 1 in. ± 0.05 in. | 25.4 mm ± 1.3 mm |
| Flex Speed | 90 r/min ± 5 r/min | — |
| Water Tank Top Above Flexed Clamp | 1.25 in. to 1.5 in. | 31.7 mm to 38.1 mm |
⚠️ Caution: Certain waterproof processes can cause contamination of the stainless steel balls used in the tester. Visual inspection is recommended in such cases.
⚙️ Test Procedure and Cycle Counting
The test flexes the leather specimen by moving one clamp in a reciprocating motion at 90 r/min. The total movement is 1 inch below the horizontal. Two systems can be used to count the number of flex cycles, as summarized below:
| 🟦 System Type | 🔍 Description |
|---|---|
| Mechanical Reset Counter | Connected directly to the movable clamp for manual counting. |
| Electrical System | Uses high and common electrodes to detect water penetration and cycle count. |
💡 Tip: Regular calibration of the counting system is essential for accurate results.
📊 Key Measured Properties
The test method estimates water resistance by subjecting the leather to flex similar to the vamp of a shoe during wear. The key properties measured include:
- Initial Water Penetration: The number of flex cycles until water first penetrates the leather.
- Water Absorption: The amount of water absorbed by the leather during the test.
Note: This test method is not interchangeable with Test Method D2098 for specification purposes. The significance of this test is to estimate water resistance under dynamic conditions.
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
🔍 What types of leather are applicable to D2099?
This test method covers all types of shoe upper leather except wet blue. It is used to estimate dynamic water resistance.
💡 How is water penetration detected?
Water penetration can be detected using an electrical system with high and common electrodes, or via visual inspection if contamination occurs.
⚡ What is the flex speed during testing?
The Maeser tester operates at 90 r/min ± 5 r/min, providing consistent flexing conditions.
📌 What are the key apparatus dimensions?
Key dimensions include clamp distance of 2.5 in. and movement distance of 1 in., with specific tolerances as listed in the apparatus specifications.