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D1987-22 – Standard Test Method Technical Guide
📐 Standard Scope and Applicability
This test method, designated D1987-22, is used to determine the potential for and relative degree of biological growth that can accumulate on geotextile, drainage geocomposites, or geotextile/soil filters. It measures flow rates over an extended period to quantify clogging.
The method can be adapted for unsaturated as well as saturated conditions and can employ constant head or falling head measurement techniques. Additionally, it provides indications for possible back flushing, biocide treatment, or both for remediation.
⚙️ Test Procedure and Conditions
A geotextile filter, drainage geocomposite, or geotextile/soil filter composite specimen is positioned in a flow column so that a designated liquid flows through it under either constant or falling head conditions. The liquid may contain microorganisms from which biological growth can occur.
Flow rate is measured over time, and between readings, the test specimen can be allowed to be in either unsaturated or saturated conditions. The procedure references standards such as D1776/D1776M for conditioning and testing textiles, and D4354 for sampling.
📊 Key Measured Properties and Calculations
The measured flow rate over time is converted to either permittivity or permeability and reported accordingly. Standard test methods like D4491/D4491M for water permeability by permittivity are referenced. The test also connects to D5101 for filtration compatibility of soil-geotextile systems.
All measurements are in SI units, with inch-pound units provided for information only. The standard emphasizes adherence to safety and regulatory practices as per Section 1.7.
| 📏 Standard | 📐 Title |
|---|---|
| D1776/D1776M | Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles |
| D4354 | Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled Erosion Control Products (RECPs) for Testing |
| D4439 | Terminology for Geosynthetics |
| D4491/D4491M | Test Methods for Water Permeability of Geotextiles by Permittivity |
| D5101 | Test Method for Measuring the Filtration Compatibility of Soil-Geotextile Systems |
| E691 | Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method |
| G22 | Practice for Determining Resistance of Plastics to Bacteria (Withdrawn 2002) |
| ⚙️ Test Condition | 📊 Options |
|---|---|
| Flow Type | Constant head or falling head |
| Saturation | Saturated or unsaturated conditions |
| Measurement | Flow rate over time |
| Reporting | Permittivity or permeability |
💡 This test method can be adapted for unsaturated as well as saturated conditions, providing flexibility in testing scenarios. It also offers insights into remediation through back flushing or biocide treatment.
⚠️ According to Section 1.7, users must establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
🔍 What is the primary purpose of ASTM D1987-22?
To determine the potential for and relative degree of biological growth that can accumulate on geotextile, drainage geocomposites, or geotextile/soil filters, using flow rate measurements over time.
💡 How is biological clogging assessed in this test method?
By measuring flow rates over an extended period and converting them to permittivity or permeability. Changes in flow rate indicate the degree of clogging.
⚡ Can the test be adapted for different conditions?
Yes, it can be performed under unsaturated or saturated conditions and can use constant head or falling head measurement techniques as specified in the standard.
📌 What remediation possibilities are considered?
The test provides indications for back flushing, biocide treatment, or both if biological clogging occurs, as per the scope of the standard.