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D1875-03 – Standard Test Method Technical Guide
📐 Scope and Definitions of Density Testing
This standard, ASTM D1875-03 (Reapproved 2018), covers the measurement of density (weight per gallon) of adhesives and components in liquid form. SI units are regarded as the standard. The density is defined as the mass of a unit volume of liquid at a given temperature, typically expressed as the weight in pounds avoirdupois of a U.S. gallon measure at 25°C.
The test method is particularly applicable when the fluid has too high a viscosity or a component is too volatile for a specific gravity balance determination. Key terminology is defined in ASTM D907 (Terminology of Adhesives).
⚙️ Apparatus Requirements and Temperature Control
The core apparatus of this test method is the weight-per-gallon cup. Strict specifications are placed on the apparatus to ensure accurate and reproducible results.
| 🟦 Component | 📏 Specification | 🎯 Tolerance |
|---|---|---|
| Weight-Per-Gallon Cup | 83.2 mL capacity (2.81 fl oz) | Plated brass or stainless steel |
| Thermometer (17C) | ASTM Saybolt Viscosity (19 to 27°C) | Per ASTM E1 |
| Constant-Temperature Bath | 25°C (77°F) | ± 0.1°C (± 0.5°F) |
| Laboratory Balance | 200 g capacity | Accuracy ± 0.1 g |
💡 Technical Tip: Factory calibrated cups, standardized with distilled water at 25°C, eliminate the need for further calibration. Maintaining the temperature at 25°C is critical to avoid errors from volume expansion of the cup and the liquid adhesive.
⚠️ Handling Requirement: Fingerprints and smudges on the cup alter its weight. Handle the cup only with tongs and with hands protected by clean, dry absorbent material.
📊 Sampling and Key Measured Parameters
The standard requires representative samples to be taken from three or more separate containers, chosen at random. The key property measured is the density of the fluid adhesive, expressed as the weight per unit volume at the standard temperature.
| 📏 Measured Parameter | 📐 Definition | ⚡ Standard Condition |
|---|