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D1404 – Standard Test Method Technical Guide
📋 Scope and Key Terminology
This test method, designated D1404/D1404M, covers the detection and estimation of deleterious particles in lubricating grease. It is applicable to all lubricating greases and can be used for other semi-solid or viscous materials. Grease fillers such as graphite and molybdenum disulfide can be tested by mixing them into petrolatum or grease known to be free of deleterious particles.
Key definitions per ASTM D4175 include lubricating grease (a semi-fluid to solid product of thickener dispersion), thickener (finely-divided particles forming the structure), and deleterious particles (minute bits of solid material abrasive to acrylic plastic).
⚙️ Test Procedure and Pressure Requirements
A small portion of the grease sample is placed between two clean, highly polished acrylic-plastic plates held rigidly and parallel in metal holders. A pressure of 200 psi [1.38 MPa] is applied, and one plate is rotated 30° relative to the other. Particles harder than the plastic that exceed the gap between the plates will embed and cause characteristic arc-shaped scratches, indicating the presence of deleterious particles.
The test provides a qualitative estimation of abrasive contaminants in the grease.
📊 Key Specifications and Unit Requirements
Values stated in SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Each system must be used independently to prevent non-conformance. The standard references several ASTM documents for materials and hardness testing.
| 🟦 Parameter | 📏 Specification |
|---|---|
| Applied Pressure | 200 psi [1.38 MPa] |
| Rotation Angle | 30° |
| Plate Material | Acrylic plastic |
| Plate Condition | Highly polished |
| 📜 Referenced Standard | 🏷️ Description |
|---|---|
| D235 | Specification for Mineral Spirits |
| D785 | Test Method for Rockwell Hardness |
| D4175 | Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products |
⚠️ Ensure plates are free from pre-existing scratches to avoid false positives. The acrylic plates must be highly polished and clean before each test.
💡 When testing grease fillers, mix them into a base grease known to be free of deleterious particles to isolate abrasive contaminants accurately.
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
🔍 What is the scope of ASTM D1404?
It covers the detection and estimation of deleterious particles in lubricating grease and similar semi-solid materials.
💡 How is the pressure applied during the test?
A pressure of 200 psi [1.38 MPa] is applied to the plates, with a 30° rotation to reveal scratches from hard particles.
⚡ What type of plates are used?
Two clean, highly polished acrylic-plastic plates held in metal holders are used.
📌 Can this test be used for grease fillers?
Yes, by mixing fillers like graphite or molybdenum disulfide into a clean petrolatum or grease base.