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D1140-17 – Standard Test Method Technical Guide
📋 Overview of ASTM D1140-17
ASTM D1140-17 provides standard test methods for determining the amount of material finer than a 75-µm (No. 200) sieve in soils by washing. These methods are critical for evaluating the fines content in materials with a maximum particle size of 75 mm (3 in.). The procedures rely on water or a dispersant to separate and remove fine particles, though the standard does not differentiate between fine particle removal and the removal of soluble substances such as salts and minerals.
This standard is approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense and falls under the jurisdiction of Committee D18. All calculated data must conform to the significant digits and rounding guidelines established in Practice D6026 unless superseded by this standard.
| 🛠️ Feature | Method A (Water Dispersion) | Method B (Dispersing Solution) |
|---|---|---|
| Dispersion Medium | Plain water | Dispersing solution |
| Primary Application | General soil washing | Soils requiring enhanced dispersion of fines |
| Target Sieve Size | 75-µm (No. 200) | 75-µm (No. 200) |
| Maximum Particle Size | 75 mm (3 in.) | 75 mm (3 in.) |
⚙️ Test Procedure and Method Selection
The standard provides two distinct wash sieving procedures. The method to be used must be specified by the requesting authority. If no method is specified, the standard recommends making the choice based on the guidance found in Sections 5.2, 5.3, and 5.4 of the full text.
Method A involves dispersing the test specimen by soaking it in water prior to wash sieving. Method B requires the specimen to be soaked in a dispersing solution to ensure effective separation of fine particles from the larger aggregate matrix. Both methods determine the mass of material removed through the wash sieving process.
⚠️ Important Consideration for Soluble Materials: During the washing process, soluble substances such as salts and other minerals may also be removed. It is not within the scope of D1140 to differentiate between the removal of fine particles and soluble substances. Materials containing significant amounts of soluble substances should be evaluated using alternative separation methods.
📊 Key Specifications and Reporting
Test results are expressed as the percentage of material finer than the 75-µm (No. 200) sieve. The standard reports values in SI units, but alternative sieve designations (e.g., No. 200 or 3 inch) are permitted for identification in accordance with Specification E11.
| 📐 Parameter | 📏 Standard Specification |
|---|---|
| Target Sieve Size | 75-µm (No. 200) |
| Maximum Aggregate Size | 75 mm (3 in.) |
| Reporting Units | SI units are standard; alternative systems acceptable |
| Significant Digits | Per Practice D6026 |
💡 Technical Tip: Successful test execution depends heavily on effective dispersion. Verify that the wash water or dispersing solution is compatible with the soil matrix to achieve accurate fine fraction separation. Always refer to the complete standard for step-by-step procedural details and equipment calibration requirements.
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
🔍 What is the primary purpose of ASTM D1140?
The standard defines test methods for determining the amount of material finer than a 75-µm (No. 200) sieve in soils by washing.
💡 What is the maximum particle size permitted for testing under D1140?
The standard applies to materials with a maximum particle size of 75 mm (3 in.).
⚡ What distinguishes Method A from Method B in D1140?
Method A uses plain water for soaking and dispersion, while Method B uses a chemical dispersing solution to aid in separating fine particles from the aggregate.
📌 Does this standard account for the removal of soluble substances during the washing process?
No. The scope explicitly states it does not differentiate between the removal of fine particles and soluble substances such as salts. Alternative testing methods are recommended for materials with significant soluble content.