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D1131-97 – Standard Test Method Technical Guide
📋 Scope and Significance
These test methods, designated D1131-97, are intended for evaluating rosin oils to ensure they meet specifications for intended uses. Rosin oil encompasses oils obtained from dry destructive distillation of rosin, with or without redistillation, including compounded oils from a rosin oil base. Note that rosin oil is distinct from tall oil. The standard addresses appearance, specific gravity, viscosity, and flash point, among other properties. It is important to note that not all tests may be required for a specific application. Users should establish appropriate safety and health practices before use.
🧪 Core Test Methods
Appearance: Examine the oil in a clear glass tube under transmitted light to detect separated water, crystals, or insoluble foreign matter.
Specific Gravity: Determine at 15.5°C (60°F) using calibrated apparatus. Report to the third decimal as specific gravity 15.5/15.5°C (60/60°F).
Viscosity: Viscosity can be determined using several methods depending on the temperature and instrumentation.
| 🟦 Temperature Condition | 📏 Test Method | 🎯 Unit of Measure |
|---|---|---|
| 25°C | D 1545 (Bubble Time) | Bubble seconds |
| 100°F (37.8°C) | D 88 (Saybolt Universal) | Saybolt Universal seconds (SUS) |
| 130°F (54.4°C) | D 88 | SUS |
| 210°F (98.9°C) | D 88 | SUS |
| 25°C | D 2196 (Rotational Viscometer) | Centipoise (cP) |
Flash Point: Determine using either Test Methods D 3278 (Setflash Closed Cup) or D 93 (Pensky-Martens Closed Tester). Report the method used.
💡 Tip: When determining viscosity, ensure the oil sample is free from bubbles and uniformly heated to the specified temperature for accurate results.
📊 Data Conversion and Reporting
For specific gravity, observed readings at 15.5/15.5°C can be converted to 25/25°C basis by multiplying by 1.002. If a pycnometer is used at 25°C, the specific gravity is determined at 25/25°C, and conversion to 25/15.5°C is done by multiplying by 0.998.
| 🟦 From Basis | 📐 To Basis | 🎯 Conversion Factor |
|---|---|---|
| 15.5/15.5°C (60/60°F) | 25/25°C (77/77°F) | × 1.002 |
| 25/25°C (pycnometer) | 25/15.5°C (77/60°F) | × 0.998 |
Viscosity results should be reported in the specified units (SUS or cP) and temperature. Flash point must be reported with the method used.
✅ Note: The conversion factors for specific gravity are based on standard values and should be applied uniformly for consistency.
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
🔍 What is rosin oil?
Rosin oil is obtained from the dry destructive distillation of rosin, with or without redistillation, and includes compounded oils from a rosin oil base. It is not related to tall oil.
💡 How is specific gravity reported?
Specific gravity is determined at 15.5°C and reported to the third decimal as specific gravity 15.5/15.5°C (60/60°F). It can be converted to other bases using specified factors.
⚡ Which viscosity method should I use?
The method depends on the temperature and instrumentation: D 1545 for 25°C bubble time, D 88 for Saybolt viscosity at various temperatures, or D 2196 for rotational viscosity at 25°C in centipoise.
📌 What flash point methods are acceptable?
Use either Test Methods D 3278 (Setflash Closed Cup) or D 93 (Pensky-Martens Closed Tester), and report the method used.