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D1035-94 – Standard Test Method Technical Guide
These test methods, designated under the fixed number D 1035 – 94, cover the standard procedures for the chemical analysis of commercial Fluor-Chrome-Arsenate-Phenol (FCAP). These analyses are essential for verifying that wood preservatives conform to the requirements of Specification D 1034. Prior to testing, sampling must be conducted according to the guidelines outlined in ASTM D 38.
📐 Scope and Analytical Parameters
The standard provides detailed analytical procedures for determining the four key active components of FCAP wood preservatives. The calculation bases for fluorine, arsenic, and chromium are specified as elemental F, As₂O₅, and CrO₃, respectively.
| 🟦 Parameter | 📏 Calculated As | ⚡ Key Reagent / Method | 📐 Section |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fluorine | F | Thorium Nitrate Titration | 6 to 8 |
| Arsenic | As₂O₅ | Potassium Bromate Titration | 9 and 10 |
| Chromium | CrO₃ | Ferrous Ammonium Sulfate Redox Titration | 11 and 12 |
| Phenol | Dinitrophenol or Sodium Pentachlorophenate | Ether Extraction and Evaporation | 13 and 14 |
⚙️ Summary of Test Methods
Fluorine: Fluorine is removed by steam distillation from an acidified sample. The distillate is neutralized and titrated with a standard solution of Thorium Nitrate.
Arsenic: A diluted sample is acidified with Hydrochloric and hypophosphorous acid to precipitate the arsenic. The arsenic is volatilized by heating in the presence of sulfuric acid, which is then diluted with water and titrated with a standard solution of Potassium Bromate.
Chromium: A diluted and chemically treated sample is reacted with an excess of ferrous ammonium sulfate. The unreacted ferrous ammonium sulfate is titrated with a standard solution of potassium dichromate to determine the consumed chromium.
Phenol: The sample is dissolved in water, acidified with sulfuric acid to free the phenolic compounds, and washed with ether to take up the phenols. The ether is evaporated and the residue measured as phenols.
⚠️ Safety Precaution: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
📊 Reagent Specifications and Quality Control
The integrity of the analytical results depends heavily on the purity of the chemicals and water used. All tests require reagent grade chemicals conforming to the specifications of the American Chemical Society (ACS). Furthermore, unless otherwise indicated, all references to water imply reagent water conforming to ASTM Specification D 1193.
| 🟦 Reagent (Fluorine Analysis, Section 7) | ⚡ Specification / Preparation |
|---|---|
| Thorium Nitrate Solution | Standard volumetric solution for titrating fluorine distillate |
| Sodium Alizarin Sulfonate Indicator | Dissolve 0.05 g in 100 mL of water |
| Potassium Permanganate Solution | Saturated solution for sample preparation |
💡 Important Note: The test methods for chromium are essentially the same as Sections 2, 5, 7, and 8 of the American Wood-Preservers’ Association Standard Methods for Analysis. Always verify you are using the latest revision of all referenced standards, including D 38 and D 1034.
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
📌 What is the purpose of ASTM D1035? ASTM D1035 provides standard test methods for the chemical analysis of Fluor-Chrome-Arsenate-Phenol (FCAP), ensuring wood preservatives meet specific chemical composition requirements for efficacy and quality control.
🔍 How is fluoride determined in this standard? Fluorine is removed by steam distillation from an acidified sample. The distillate is then neutralized and titrated with a standard solution of Thorium Nitrate using Sodium Alizarin Sulfonate as an indicator.
⚡ What are the key calculation bases for the analytes? The standard specifies that Fluorine is calculated as elemental F, Arsenic as As₂O₅ (Arsenic Pentoxide), and Chromium as CrO₃ (Chromium Trioxide). Phenolic compounds are measured gravimetrically as the residue after extraction and evaporation.
💡 What water quality is required for these tests? Unless otherwise indicated, all references to water mean reagent water conforming to ASTM Specification D 1193. The purity of all reagents must meet the specifications of the American Chemical Society (Committee on Analytical Reagents) where such specifications are available.