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1. Scope and Application
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1. Scope and Application
CSA C22.2 No. 110-94 (reaffirmed 2014) is a safety standard for electric lighting fixtures intended for use in ordinary locations and in hazardous (classified) locations as defined by the Canadian Electrical Code (CE Code, CSA C22.1). Specifically, the standard covers fixtures suitable for:
- Class I, Division 2, Groups A, B, C, and D
- Class II, Division 2, Groups F and G
- Ordinary (unclassified) locations within the same enclosure construction
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| Temperature Code | Max. Surface Temp. (°C) | Suitable For | |—————-|————————-|————–| | T1 | 450 | Class I, Div. 2, Groups A,B,C,D; Class II, Div. 2, Groups F,G | | T2 | 300 | … | | T2A | 280 | … | | T2B | 260 | … | | T2C | 230 | … | | T2D | 215 | … | | T3 | 200 | … | | T3A | 180 | … | | T3B | 165 | … | | T3C | 160 | … | | T4 | 135 | … | | T4A | 120 | … | | T5 | 100 | … | | T6 | 85 | … |1. Scope and Application
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Key Point: CSA C22.2 No. 110-94 (2014) is a recognized standard for certifying lighting fixtures for hazardous locations in Canada.
1. Scope and Application
CSA C22.2 No. 110-94 (2014) – “Electric Lighting Fixtures for Use in Hazardous Locations” applies to lighting fixtures designed for installation in ordinary (unclassified) locations and in hazardous locations where flammable gases, vapors, or combustible dusts may be present under normal operating conditions. Specifically, the standard covers fixtures intended for:
- Class I, Division 2 locations containing flammable gases or vapors in Groups A, B, C, and D
- Class II, Division 2 locations containing combustible dusts in Groups F and G
- Ordinary locations within the same enclosure types
Fixtures covered include but are not limited to industrial lighting, pendant lights, floodlights, and portable lamps. The standard also includes requirements for associated control equipment, such as ballasts and LED drivers, when integrated into the fixture assembly.
Note: This standard does not cover fixtures for Class I, Division 1 or Class II, Division 1 locations. For those applications, refer to CSA C22.2 No. 6 (Explosion-Proof Enclosures) or CSA C22.2 No. 16 (Dust-Ignition-Proof Enclosures).
The standard was originally published in 1994 and reaffirmed without technical changes in 2014. As of 2026, it remains the primary Canadian standard for safety and performance of hazardous-location lighting.
2. Technical Requirements
2.1 Enclosure and Material Construction
Enclosures for hazardous‑location fixtures must be designed to withstand the anticipated mechanical, thermal, and environmental stresses while preventing the ignition of surrounding atmospheres. The standard mandates:
- Non‑ferrous or corrosion‑resistant materials for exposed parts in corrosive environments.
- Minimum enclosure thickness for cast metal parts (e.g., aluminum or copper‑free aluminum alloys).
- Sealed joints or gaskets to prevent ingress of flammable gases, vapors, or dusts.
- Globes / lenses manufactured from heat‑resistant glass or acrylic, with impact‑resistant properties.
- Guards or other protection for exposed lamps when subject to mechanical abuse.
Important: Use of ferrous‑based materials in enclosures for Class II, Division 2 locations must be minimized to avoid sparking from corrosion or impact.
2.2 Temperature Classification
To prevent surface temperatures from reaching the auto‑ignition point of surrounding flammable materials, all fixtures must bear a temperature code (T‑code) as defined in the Canadian Electrical Code, Table 18. Table 1 summarizes the applicable temperature classes.
| Temperature Code | Maximum Surface Temperature (°C) | Typical Hazard Groups |
|---|---|---|
| T1 | 450 | Class I, Div. 2: A,B,C,D; Class II, Div. 2: F,G |
| T2 | 300 | Class I, Div. 2: A,B,C,D; Class II, Div. 2: F,G |
| T2A | 280 | – |
| T2B | 260 | – |
| T2C | 230 | – |
| T2D | 215 | – |
| T3 | 200 | – |
| T3A | 180 | – |
| T3B | 165 | – |
| T3C | 160 | – |
| T4 | 135 | – |
| T4A | 120 | – |
| T5 | 100 | – |
| T6 | 85 | – |
Temperature testing must be conducted under worst‑case operating conditions (e.g., maximum ambient temperature, all lamps operating, voltage supply at ±10%). The fixture marking must clearly indicate the temperature class and the ambient temperature range.
2.3 Electrical and Wiring Provisions
All electrical components within the fixture shall comply with the applicable CSA component standards. Key requirements include:
- Wiring terminals must accept copper conductors of sizes specified in the installation instructions.
- Lampholders and lamp‑base connections must be thermally rated for the lamp maximum wattage.
- Ballasts and LED drivers must have thermal protection or be designed to limit case temperatures below the T‑code limit.
- Grounding and bonding provisions must comply with CSA C22.2 No. 0 (General Requirements).
2.4 Marking and Identification
Each fixture must be permanently marked with:
- Manufacturer’s name or trademark
- Catalog or model number
- Electrical ratings (voltage, frequency, wattage)
- Temperature code and ambient temperature range
- Class, Division, and Group designations
- Certification mark (e.g., CSA, cUL, cETL) indicating compliance with this standard
Tip: The temperature code must correspond to the maximum surface temperature measured during type tests. Always verify the fixture’s T‑code against the actual gas or dust group present in the installation.
3. Testing and Validation
3.1 Temperature Rise Test
Fixtures are operated at rated voltage and current until thermal equilibrium is reached. Ambient temperature is maintained at 25°C (or the maximum rated ambient, e.g., 40°C). Surface temperatures on all accessible parts are measured and must not exceed the T‑code limit. For fixtures with a maximum ambient of 40°C, the temperature rise must allow for a margin corresponding to the lower T‑code.
3.2 Dielectric and Insulation Testing
A dielectric voltage‑withstand test is applied between live parts and accessible conductive parts. The minimum test voltage is 1,000 V plus twice the rated voltage, or 1,500 V, whichever is greater. Insulation resistance must be at least 1 MΩ when measured with a 500 V megohmmeter.
3.3 Mechanical and Optical Tests
- Impact test: A steel ball (50 mm diameter, 0.54 kg) is dropped from 1.3 m onto the globe or lens. No rupture or detachment is permitted.
- Lamp retention: For portable fixtures, a retention test ensures lamps remain in place under vibration.
- Gasket aging: Gaskets are subjected to accelerated aging in oxygen bomb or air oven to ensure sealing integrity.
Hazard: Failure of the globe during a moment of high temperature could ignite the surrounding atmosphere. All protective devices must be verified under the worst‑case lamp failure scenario.
4. Compliance and Certification
4.1 Certification Process
Manufacturers seeking compliance with CSA C22.2 No. 110‑94 (2014) must submit representative samples to a recognized certification body (e.g., CSA Group, Intertek, UL). The evaluation includes:
- Review of construction drawings and material specs
- Testing per Clauses 5–10 of the standard
- Factory inspections and production‑line tests
Once certified, the product is included in the certification body’s listing and the manufacturer is authorized to apply the certification mark.
4.2 Field Compliance and Inspection
Inspectors and engineers should verify that installed fixtures are listed and marked for the specific classification. Key compliance notes:
- Fixtures must be installed according to the manufacturer’s instructions and CE Code Section 18.
- Bonding continuity must be maintained through all joints.
- Sealing fittings are required for conduit entries to prevent the passage of gases (see CE Code Rule 18-250).
- Replacement parts, particularly globes and gaskets, shall be identical to those listed with the fixture.
Warning: Field modification of certified fixtures (e.g., changing lamp wattage, altering enclosure) voids the certification and may create an ignition hazard.
As of 2026, CSA C22.2 No. 110‑94 (2014) remains in effect. For the latest updates, consult the CSA Group standards store or the Canadian provincial electrical safety authorities.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Can a fixture certified to CSA C22.2 No. 110‑94 be used in a Class I, Division 1 location?
A: No. The standard explicitly limits coverage to Class I, Division 2 and Class II, Division 2 locations. Division 1 locations require explosion‑proof enclosures per CSA C22.2 No. 6.
A: No. The standard explicitly limits coverage to Class I, Division 2 and Class II, Division 2 locations. Division 1 locations require explosion‑proof enclosures per CSA C22.2 No. 6.
Q: Are LED fixtures covered by this standard?
A: Yes, the standard applies to all types of electric lighting fixtures, including LED, as long as the light source and driver are evaluated as part of the complete assembly. LED fixtures may require additional thermal testing to prevent overheating of the LEDs and driver electronics.
A: Yes, the standard applies to all types of electric lighting fixtures, including LED, as long as the light source and driver are evaluated as part of the complete assembly. LED fixtures may require additional thermal testing to prevent overheating of the LEDs and driver electronics.
Q: What is the difference between the 1994 edition and the 2014 reaffirmation?
A: The 2014 reaffirmation did not change any technical requirements. It simply confirmed that the standard was still current and applicable. The technical content remains identical to the 1994 edition.
A: The 2014 reaffirmation did not change any technical requirements. It simply confirmed that the standard was still current and applicable. The technical content remains identical to the 1994 edition.
Q: Is compliance with this standard mandatory in Canada?
A: Yes. Under the provincial electrical codes that adopt the Canadian Electrical Code, lighting fixtures installed in hazardous locations must be certified to a recognized standard. CSA C22.2 No. 110‑94 (2014) is one of the primary accepted standards. Alternatively, products may be certified to harmonized UL/CSA standards with equivalent safety levels.
A: Yes. Under the provincial electrical codes that adopt the Canadian Electrical Code, lighting fixtures installed in hazardous locations must be certified to a recognized standard. CSA C22.2 No. 110‑94 (2014) is one of the primary accepted standards. Alternatively, products may be certified to harmonized UL/CSA standards with equivalent safety levels.
© 2026 CSA Group. This article provides general guidance and does not replace the full text of the standard. Always refer to the official CSA C22.2 No. 110‑94 (2014) document for precise requirements.
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CSA C22.2 No. 110-94 (2014) – ‘Electric Lighting Fixtures for Use in Hazardous Locations’ applies to lighting fixtures designed for installation in ordinary (unclassified) locations and in hazardous locations where flammable gases, vapors, or combustible dusts may be present under normal operating conditions. Specifically, the standard covers fixtures intended for:
- Class I, Division 2 locations containing flammable gases or vapors in Groups A, B, C, and D
- Class II, Division 2 locations containing combustible dusts in Groups F and G
- Ordinary locations within the same enclosure types
Fixtures covered include but are not limited to industrial lighting, pendant lights, floodlights, and portable lamps. The standard also includes requirements for associated control equipment, such as ballasts and LED drivers, when integrated into the fixture assembly.
Note: This standard does not cover fixtures for Class I, Division 1 or Class II, Division 1 locations. For those applications, refer to CSA C22.2 No. 6 (Explosion-Proof📥 Standard Documents Download
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