Essential terminology for friction stir welding of aluminium alloys ISO 25239-1:2020 defines the vocabulary and terminology used throughout the ISO 25239 series for friction stir welding (FSW) of aluminium alloys. Friction stir welding is a solid-state joining process invented at…

Design requirements and best practices for FSW joint configurations ISO 25239-2:2020 specifies design requirements for friction stir welded joints in aluminium alloys. Proper joint design is critical to achieving defect-free FSW welds with consistent mechanical properties. Unlike conventional fusion welding,…

Requirements for qualifying FSW engineers, technicians, and operators ISO 25239-3:2020 specifies requirements for the qualification of welding personnel performing friction stir welding of aluminium alloys. Unlike traditional fusion welding where operator skill heavily influences weld quality, FSW places greater emphasis…

Developing and qualifying welding procedures for friction stir welding ISO 25239-4:2020 specifies requirements for welding procedure specification (WPS) and qualification for friction stir welding of aluminium alloys. A properly qualified welding procedure is the foundation of consistent, defect-free FSW production.…

Small Craft — Drive-by-Wire Control Systems 1. Introduction to Small Craft Electronic Control Systems ISO 25197:2020, with Amendment 1:2022, specifies the requirements for electrical and electronic control systems used for steering, shift (gear selection), and throttle (engine speed) on small…

Biological Water Quality Assessment — Macroinvertebrates, Algae, and Aquatic Plant Methods Introduction to ISO 25215 ISO 25215:2006 provides guidelines for the determination of water quality through biological analysis methods, specifically focusing on the use of aquatic organisms as bioindicators for…

Adhesives — Fracture Mechanics Testing of Structural Adhesive Joints 1. Introduction to Adhesive Fracture Energy Testing ISO 25217:2009 specifies a method based on linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) for the determination of the fracture resistance of structural adhesive joints under…

Understanding pseudonymization techniques for healthcare data protection ISO 25237:2017 defines principles, methods, and procedures for pseudonymization of health data. As healthcare increasingly relies on digital records, protecting patient privacy while enabling data utility has become a critical challenge. Pseudonymization replaces…

Geometrical Product Specifications — Surface Texture: Areal 1. Introduction to Surface Defects on Material Measures ISO 25178-73:2019 defines terminology and classification for geometrical defects that may appear on the surfaces of material measures and calibration specimens used in surface texture…

Adhesives — Test Method for PSA Solubility 1. Introduction to PSA Solubility Testing ISO 25179:2018 specifies a test method for determining the solubility of water-soluble or alkali-soluble pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) by measuring the loss in mass when the adhesive is…

Areal Surface Texture Characterization — Material Ratio Parameters and Engineering Design Insights Introduction to ISO 25194 ISO 25194:2013 specifies methods for the characterization of surface texture using the concept of areal material ratio parameters. This standard provides a framework for…

Geometrical Product Specifications — Surface Texture: Areal 1. Introduction to Areal Surface Texture Calibration ISO 25178-701:2010 specifies the characteristics of material measures used as measurement standards, the estimation methods of residual errors, and the calibration methods for acceptance and periodical…

Physical Measurement Standards for Areal Surface Texture — Calibration Artifacts and Engineering Insights Introduction to ISO 25178-70 ISO 25178-70:2019 specifies the types, calibration, and use of physical measurement standards for areal surface texture measurement. Physical measurement standards (also called material…

Software Measurement Standards for Areal Surface Texture — Reference Data Sets and Engineering Insights Introduction to ISO 25178-71 ISO 25178-71:2017 specifies software measurement standards (also known as software reference data sets or type F1 reference data) for verifying the correctness…

Geometrical Product Specifications — Surface Texture: Areal 1. Introduction to the x3p File Format ISO 25178-72:2017, amended in 2020, defines the XML-based x3p file format for the storage and exchange of areal surface texture data. This standard addresses a critical…

Areal Surface Texture Measurement Using Focus Variation Microscopy — Specifications and Engineering Insights Introduction to ISO 25178-606 ISO 25178-606:2015 specifies the nominal characteristics of focus variation instruments for areal surface texture measurement. Focus variation (also known as focus variation microscopy…

Areal Surface Texture Measurement Using Confocal Microscopy — Specifications and Engineering Insights Introduction to ISO 25178-607 ISO 25178-607:2019 specifies the nominal characteristics of confocal microscopy instruments for areal surface texture measurement. Confocal microscopy is an optical imaging technique that enhances…