The international standard for RFID data model in library applications — from item identification to privacy and migration strategies. Introduction to ISO 28560-1 ISO 28560-1:2023 is the third edition of the foundational standard for RFID implementation in libraries, developed by…

The standard for web archival storage: understanding the WARC (Web ARChive) file format specification 1. Introduction to ISO 28500 and the WARC File Format ISO 28500:2017 specifies the WARC (Web ARChive) file format, the international standard for storing web archival…

Guidance for achieving and verifying cleanliness in marine lubricating oil systems 1. Introduction to ISO 28520 and Marine Lubricating Oil System Cleanliness ISO 28520:2009 provides comprehensive guidance for flushing of lubricating oil systems in ships and marine installations, and for…

Comprehensive guidance for pipe cleaning, flushing, and cleanliness verification in marine hydraulic systems 1. Introduction to ISO 28521 and Hydraulic System Cleanliness ISO 28521:2009 specifies pipe cleaning and cleanliness levels for hydraulic oil systems in ships and marine technology. Hydraulic…

Understanding the ISO designation system for poly(phenylene ether) thermoplastics 1. Introduction to ISO 28941-1 and PPE Materials ISO 28941-1:2008 establishes a standardized designation system for poly(phenylene ether) (PPE) thermoplastic materials used in moulding and extrusion applications. PPE is a high-performance…

A comprehensive guide to identifying and classifying defects on raw buffalo hides for the leather industry 1. Introduction to ISO 28499-1 and Hide Defect Classification ISO 28499-1:2009 provides a comprehensive classification system for defects occurring on raw buffalo hides and…

Standardized methods for classifying raw buffalo hides based on weight and surface area 1. Introduction to ISO 28499-2 and Hide Grading Principles ISO 28499-2:2009 establishes standardized procedures for grading raw buffalo hides and buffalo calf skins on the basis of…

Three-tier defect-based grading system for raw buffalo hides in the leather industry 1. Introduction to ISO 28499-3 and Defect-Based Grading ISO 28499-3:2009 establishes a three-tier grading system for raw or cured buffalo hides and calf skins based on the extent…

Specifications and test methods for external tooth bleaching products used in dentistry Overview of External Tooth Bleaching Standards ISO 28399:2021 establishes the safety and performance requirements for externally applied tooth bleaching products used in dentistry. This third edition revises previous…

Comprehensive terminology standard for titanium and titanium alloys covering definitions, classifications, and metallurgical terms The Need for Standardized Titanium Terminology ISO 28401:2024 provides a comprehensive vocabulary for titanium and titanium alloys, serving as the definitive terminological reference for the entire…

Standard method for determining size distribution and number concentration of ultrafine and nanoaerosols using differential electrical mobility analysis Introduction to Ultrafine Aerosol Measurement in Workplaces ISO 28439:2011 provides a standardized methodology for characterizing ultrafine aerosols (particles smaller than 100 nm)…

Standard for LNG ship-to-shore interface, mooring systems, cargo transfer, and safety requirements for port operations Overview of LNG Ship-to-Shore Interface Standardization ISO 28460:2010 addresses the critical interface between LNG carriers and port facilities, covering the entire spectrum of ship-to-shore interactions…

Normal and emergency vapour venting requirements for petroleum storage tanks Introduction to ISO 28300: Tank Venting Standards ISO 28300:2008, with its 2009 Technical Corrigendum, specifies the normal and emergency vapour venting requirements for aboveground liquid petroleum and petroleum-products storage tanks,…

Requirements and test methods for laser welding of metallic dental restorations Introduction to ISO 28319: Dental Laser Welding ISO 28319:2018 specifies requirements and test methods for laser welding and the associated filler materials used in dental laboratories for welding metallic…

General specifications for combined electrophoretic organic + anodic oxidation coatings on aluminium Introduction to Combined Coating Systems on Aluminium ISO 28340:2013 establishes the general specifications for combined coating systems on aluminium that integrate anodic oxidation with electrophoretic organic coatings. This…

Standard test method for measuring glass transition temperature of rubber process oils using differential scanning calorimetry Understanding Glass Transition in Rubber Process Oils ISO 28343:2010 provides a standardized differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method for determining the glass transition temperature (Tg)…

Requirements for supported and unsupported monolithic and multiple glazing in SSG systems Understanding Structural Sealant Glazing and ISO 28278-1 ISO 28278-1:2011 specifies requirements for the suitability of supported and unsupported glass products used in structural sealant glazing (SSG) systems. Developed…