PD ISO/TR 19478 — ISO and Health Canada Intense Smoking Parameters Standard Series

🚬 PD ISO/TR 19478 is a BSI Published Document series adopting ISO technical reports on tobacco and tobacco products, focused on the measurement and variability of cigarette smoke yields under “intense smoking” parameters. The series was prepared by BSI technical committee AW/40 (Tobacco and tobacco products) and carries ICS 65.160 (tobacco and tobacco products). Based on an international collaborative machine smoking study, it analyses the measured yields of total particulate matter (TPM), water and nicotine-free dry particulate matter (NFDPM) under both ISO and Health Canada Intense smoking regimes, and the sources of variability, providing a scientific basis for standardising cigarette smoke testing and laboratory quality control.

💡 Cigarette smoke yield is not a fixed number: smoking conditions (puff volume, frequency, vent blocking) directly affect measured TPM, water and NFDPM. This series quantifies and dissects that variability through a multi-laboratory collaborative study.

1. Series Structure and Scope 📌

This batch comprises two technical reports reporting the international study results and the variability factor analysis:

Part	Document	Subject	Main Content
International results	PD ISO/TR 19478-1:2014 (ISO/TR 19478-1:2014)	Results of an international machine smoking study	Objectives, test protocol, participants, test articles, test methods and smoking conditions, results analysis
Variability analysis	PD ISO/TR 19478-2:2015 (ISO/TR 19478-2:2015)	Factors contributing to variability in routine measurement of TPM, water and NFDPM smoke yields	Influence of smoking intensity on yield and composition, identification and quantification of variability

⚠️ Technical reports are non-mandatory; their conclusions reflect results under specific test conditions. Differences between laboratories, sample batches and smoking conditions may cause variation, so applicable conditions should be stated when citing.

2. Design of the Machine Smoking Study 📋

Part 1 (international machine smoking study) sets out the study design and execution:

Objectives: measure and compare smoke yields under ISO and Health Canada Intense regimes under controlled conditions.
Test protocol: specify sample conditioning, smoking parameters (puff volume, interval, ventilation), trap and weighing procedures.
Participants and test articles: organise multiple laboratories and use representative cigarette samples to ensure statistical significance.
Test methods and smoking conditions: clarify the parameter differences between ISO and Health Canada Intense regimes.

✅ A multi-laboratory round-robin study is the classic way to assess repeatability and reproducibility of a test method; its results are also key input to revising testing standards.

3. Influence of Smoking Intensity on Smoke Yields 🔥

Part 2 analyses the influence of smoking intensity on cigarette smoke yield and composition:

Intensity-yield relationship: as puff volume and frequency increase, TPM, water and NFDPM yields typically rise significantly.
Composition changes: intensity changes also alter the relative proportions of smoke components, affecting interpretation of results.
Variability identification: identify factors such as sample homogeneity, smoking machine calibration, trap efficiency and environmental conditions that cause variability.
Quantification: use statistical methods to quantify each factor’s contribution, guiding test method improvement.

⚠️ Smoking intensity is one of the most significant factors affecting yields. The ISO and Health Canada Intense regimes differ in smoking parameters, so yields are not directly interchangeable; any claim of “cigarette yield” must state the smoking regime used.

4. Measurement of TPM, Water and NFDPM 📊

Measure	Meaning	Measurement Points	Main Variability Sources
TPM (total particulate matter)	Total particulate mass trapped from the smoke	Trap weighing, controlled temperature/humidity	Trap efficiency, water adsorption, weighing accuracy
Water	Water content of the TPM	Gas chromatography or Karl Fischer	Ambient humidity, sample conditioning
NFDPM (nicotine-free dry particulate matter)	TPM minus water and nicotine (“tar”)	Calculated from TPM, water and nicotine	Errors in TPM, water and nicotine measurements

🚨 NFDPM is calculated by subtracting water and nicotine from TPM, so measurement errors in all three accumulate. Controlling the accuracy of TPM and water determination is therefore critical for reliable NFDPM results.

5. Engineering Practice Essentials 🛠️

🔍 Method selection: choose the ISO or Health Canada Intense regime per regulatory or commercial needs and keep it consistent over time.
🔧 Laboratory quality control: calibrate smoking machines and balances regularly, control temperature and humidity, and participate in proficiency testing and collaborative studies.
📊 Data interpretation: state the smoking regime, sample batch and test conditions; avoid direct cross-regime comparison of yields.
📋 Reporting: reports should include TPM, water, nicotine and NFDPM results with uncertainty evaluation.

6. Frequently Asked Questions ❓

❓ Q: How do ISO and Health Canada Intense regimes differ?
A: The two regimes differ in puff volume, puff frequency and vent handling, so the same cigarette yields different TPM, water and NFDPM values — results are not directly interchangeable.

❓ Q: Why is NFDPM called “tar”?
A: NFDPM is the residue after subtracting water and nicotine from TPM; it is conventionally called “tar”, though its composition is far broader than tar alone, including many organic and inorganic components.

❓ Q: What are the main factors affecting variability in yield measurement?
A: Smoking machine calibration, trap efficiency, sample homogeneity, environmental temperature/humidity, weighing accuracy and operator differences; Part 2 identifies and quantifies these.

🔍 Q: Does the series set product smoke limits?
A: No. It focuses on test methods and variability analysis; product smoke indices are set by relevant regulations or industry specifications.

🔒

正在加载下载地址，请稍候 10 秒